Elaboración de filtros de carbón activado y evaluación de la eficiencia en el monitoreo ambiental de yodo molecular en el Área de Medicina Nuclear del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín.

El monitoreo ambiental de aerosoles es fundamental para cumplir con estándares internacionales de protección radiológica y dentro de está la protección radiológica en la exposición ocupacional, en el área de medicina nuclear donde se trabaja con yodo 131 (131I) se realizó un monitoreo de aerosoles el cual resulta fundamental al ser un radionúclido que se transmite en el aire.; además la inhalación de 131I es la causa más grande de dosis interna de radiación que reciben los trabajadores de medicina nuclear. La concentración de 131I en el aire está limitada por la concentración aérea derivada (DAC) de 416,67 Bq/m3. Para determinar la concentración de yodo radiactivo en aire se fabricaron filtros a base de carbón activado impregnados con hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) al 2% capaces de absorber y adsorber yodo radiactivo; siendo importante encontrar el valor de eficiencia de los filtros de carbón activado para cuantificar los valores del monitoreo en campo utilizando espectrometría gamma; finalmente se realizó un monitoreo en las diferentes áreas del departamento de medicina nuclear del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín como son: Cuarto de fraccionamiento, sala de espera, oficina del físico médico, bodega de decaimiento, sala de gama cámaras y el cuarto de los pacientes donde el valor más alto en concentración de yodo radiactivo es 2 órdenes de magnitud menor al límite DAC. Se concluyó que las condiciones de trabajo son satisfactorias para minimizar la dosis equivalente interna de radiación recibida por el personal ocupacionalmente expuesto (POE); adicionalmente se encontraron valores de tecnecio 99 (99 Tc) presentes en el ambiente por lo cual se recomienda ampliar el trabajo realizado para determinar si existe algún peligro debido a la presencia de este radionúclido.The environmental monitoring of aerosols is fundamental to comply with international standards of radiological protection and within this, the radiological protection in the occupational exposure. In the area of nuclear medicine where iodine 131 (131I) is used, aerosol monitoring was performed, which is essential because it is a radionuclide that is transmitted in the air; In addition, inhalation of 131I is the largest cause of internal radiation dose received by nuclear medicine workers. The concentration of 131I in air is limited by the derived air concentration (DAC) of 416,67 Bq/m3. To determine the concentration of radioactive iodine in air, activated carbon based filtersimpregnated with 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) capable of absorbing and adsorbing radioactive iodine were manufactured, important to find the efficiency value of the activated carbon filters to quantify the values of the field monitoring using gamma spectrometry. Finally, a monitoring was carried out in the different areas of the nuclear medicine department of the Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin, such as: Fourth fractionation room, waiting room, office of the medical physicist, cellar of decay, room chamber cameras and the patients room where the highest value in radioactive iodine concentration in 2 orders of magnitude is lower than the DAC limit. It was concluded that working conditions are satisfactory to minimize the equivalent internal radiation dose received by occupationally exposed personnel (POE); additionally, technetium 99 (99 Tc) values were present in the environment and it is therefore recommended to extend the work to determine if there is any danger the presence of this radionuclide

Level of Acceptance of epistemically unwarranted beliefs in pre-service primary school teachers: influence of cognitive style, academic level and gender

One of the main objectives of scientific literacy is the development of rational skills and critical thinking in citizens. This is a central goal for teachers. However, beliefs that lack rational foundation and supporting evidence,named "epistemically unwarranted beliefs" (EUB), spread rapidly among the population. If teachers had some of these EUB, their work could be compromised.The aim of this research was to determine the level of acceptance of different EUB in Spanish pre-service primary school teachers and to analyze the influence of their cognitive style, gender, and academic level. Two hundred and fifty undergraduate students of Bachelor's Degree in Primary Education participated in this study. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlations, and linear regression analysis were used to quantify that influence. Results showed high levels of acceptance of some EUB in future teachers, with significant influences of gender and academic level, and a mediating role of cognitive styles. Experiential and rational cognitive styles, and academic level were significant predictors of EUB, being experiential thinking the most powerful one. Thus, pre-service teacher education should have an epistemological vigilance on future teachers' scientific literacy and increase the presence of rational style among teachers