Spatial imaging of modifications to fluorescence lifetime and intensity by individual Ag nanoparticles

Highly ordered periodic arrays of silver nanoparticles have been fabricated which exhibit surface plasmon resonances in the visible spectrum. We demonstrate the ability of these structures to alter the fluorescence properties of vicinal dye molecules by providing an additional radiative decay channel. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we have created high resolution spatial maps of the molecular lifetime components; these show an order of magnitude increase in decay rate from a localized volume around the nanoparticles, resulting in a commensurate enhancement in the fluorescence emission intensity.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted Applied Physics Letter

Plasmonic engineering of metal nanoparticles for enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering

We have investigated the effects of tuning the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of silver nanoparticles on the fluorescence intensity, lifetime, and Raman signal from nearby fluorophores. The presence of a metallic structure can alter the optical properties of a molecule by increasing the excitation field, and by modifying radiative and non-radiative decay mechanisms. By careful choice of experimental parameters we have been able to decouple these effects. We observe a four-fold increase in fluorescence enhancement and an almost 30-fold increase in decay rate from arrays of Ag nanoparticles, when the LSPR is tuned to the emission wavelength of a locally situated fluorophore. This is consistent with a greatly increased efficiency for energy transfer from fluorescence to surface plasmons. Additionally, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements show a maximum enhancement occurs when both the incident laser light and the Raman signal are near resonance with the plasmon energy. Spatial mapping of the SERS signal from a nanoparticle array reveals highly localized differences in the excitation field resulting from small differences in the LSPR energy.Comment: Submitted to Plasmonics (Springer

Optical characteristics of single wavelength-tunable InAs/InGaAsP/InP(100) quantum dots emitting at 1.55 um

We have studied the emission properties of individual InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown in an InGaAsP matrix on InP(100) by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. Low-temperature microphotoluminescence spectroscopy shows emission from single QDs around 1550 nm with characteristic exciton-biexciton behavior, and a biexciton antibinding energy of more than 2 meV. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal negligible optical-phonon induced broadening of the exciton line up to 50 K, and emission from the exciton state clearly persists above 70 K. Furthermore, we find no measurable polarized fine structure splitting of the exciton state within the experimental precision. These results are encouraging for the development of a controllable photon source for fiber-based quantum information and cryptography systems.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted AP

Charged exciton emission at 1.3 μ\mum from single InAs quantum dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

We have studied the emission properties of self-organized InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown in an InGaAs quantum well by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy shows emission from single QDs around 1300 nm; we clearly observe the formation of neutral and charged exciton and biexciton states, and we obtain a biexciton binding energy of 3.1 meV. The dots exhibit an s-p shell splitting of approximately 100 meV, indicating strong confinement.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted AP

Fine structure and magneto-optics of exciton, trion, and charged biexciton states in single InAs quantum dots emitting at 1.3 um

We present a detailed investigation into the optical characteristics of individual InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, with low temperature emission in the telecoms window around 1300 nm. Using micro-photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy we have identified neutral, positively charged, and negatively charged exciton and biexciton states. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal dot-charging effects due to differences in carrier diffusivity. We observe a pronounced linearly polarized splitting of the neutral exciton and biexciton lines (~250 ueV) resulting from asymmetry in the QD structure. This asymmetry also causes a mixing of the excited trion states which is manifested in the fine structure and polarization of the charged biexciton emission; from this data we obtain values for the ratio between the anisotropic and isotropic electron-hole exchange energies of (Delta1)/(Delta0)= 0.2--0.5. Magneto-PL spectroscopy has been used to investigate the diamagnetic response and Zeeman splitting of the various exciton complexes. We find a significant variation in g-factor between the exciton, the positive biexciton, and the negative biexciton; this is also attributed to anisotropy effects and the difference in lateral extent of the electron and hole wavefunctions.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Strong coupling of localized plasmons and molecular excitons in nanostructured silver films

We report on the resonant coupling between localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in nanostructured Ag films, and an adsorbed monolayer of Rhodamine 6G dye. Hybridization of the plasmons and molecular excitons creates new coupled polaritonic modes, which have been tuned by varying the LSPR wavelength. The resulting polariton dispersion curve shows an anticrossing behavior which is very well fit by a simple coupled-oscillator Hamiltonian, giving a giant Rabi-splitting energy of ~400 meV. The strength of this coupling is shown to be proportional to the square root of the molecular density. The Raman spectra of R6G on these films show an enhancement of many orders of magnitude due to surface enhanced scattering mechanisms; we find a maximum signal when a polariton mode lies in the middle of the Stokes shifted emission band.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted PR

Longitudinal photocurrent spectroscopy of a single GaAs/AlGaAs v-groove quantum wire

Modulation-doped GaAs v-groove quantum wires (QWRs) have been fabricated with novel electrical contacts made to two-dimensional electron-gas (2DEG) reservoirs. Here, we present longitudinal photocurrent (photoconductivity/PC) spectroscopy measurements of a single QWR. We clearly observe conductance in the ground-state one-dimensional subbands; in addition, a highly temperature-dependent response is seen from other structures within the v-groove. The latter phenomenon is attributed to the effects of structural topography and localization on carrier relaxation. The results of power-dependent PC measurements suggest that the QWR behaves as a series of weakly interacting localized states, at low temperatures

Carrier relaxation in GaAs v-groove quantum wires and the effects of localization

Carrier relaxation processes have been investigated in GaAs/AlGaAs v-groove quantum wires (QWRs) with a large subband separation (46 meV). Signatures of inhibited carrier relaxation mechanisms are seen in temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence-excitation (PLE) measurements; we observe strong emission from the first excited state of the QWR below ~50 K. This is attributed to reduced inter-subband relaxation via phonon scattering between localized states. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the pinch-off regions, which provide additional two-dimensional confinement for the QWR structure, have a blocking effect on relaxation mechanisms for certain structures within the v-groove. Time-resolved PL measurements show that efficient carrier relaxation from excited QWR states into the ground state, occurs only at temperatures > 30 K. Values for the low temperature radiative lifetimes of the ground- and first excited-state excitons have been obtained (340 ps and 160 ps respectively), and their corresponding localization lengths along the wire estimated.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B Attempted to correct corrupt figure