6 research outputs found
Quand le non-scandale profite Ă lâaccusĂ© prĂ©sumĂ©: la couverture mĂ©diatique de lâaffaire Assange par Le Temps
Alain RABATEL, MichĂšle MONTE et Maria das Graças SOARES RODRIGUES (dir.) (2015), Comment les mĂ©dias parlent des Ă©motions. Lâaffaire Nafissatou Diallo contre Dominique Strauss-Kahn
Affranchies du domaine de lâirrationnel, les Ă©motions suscitent actuellement un regain dâintĂ©rĂȘt chez les chercheurs en sciences de la communication. ApprĂ©hendĂ©es sous lâangle de leur fonction discursive, quâelles constituent des ressources de lâargumentation ou son objet propre, les Ă©motions sĂ©miotisĂ©es offriraient en effet une assise au « vivre ensemble » et « engage[raient] Ă lâaction », notamment politique (Laurence Kaufmann et Fabienne Malbois, p. 26 ; Alain Rabatel, p. 152). Câest dans ..
Comment Wikileaks est devenu Julian Assange. Analyse du parcours énonciatif d'une figure médiatique
Cette recherche retrace le parcours mĂ©diatique de Julian Assange et de WikiLeaks, de leur co-naissance publique sur le site Internet de WikiLeaks en 2007 Ă leur reconnaissance internationale dans la presse en 2010. Ce faisant, elle vise Ă explorer la façon dont un projet qui se donnait initialement comme collectif et participatif s'est vu redĂ©finir publiquement- par une sĂ©rie de procĂ©dĂ©s discursifs et figuratifs imputables tant Ă Assange qu'Ă certains journaux - comme l'Ćuvre de son seul «fondateur». Plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement, elle interroge deux phĂ©nomĂšnes importants pour la sociologie des mĂ©dias et de la communication : la reprĂ©sentation mĂ©diatique des collectifs hybrides; les fonctions interpellative et figurative de la presse. ComposĂ©e de cinq parties thĂ©matiques, la thĂšse s'ouvre sur une rĂ©flexion Ă©pistĂ©mologique portant sur les concepts d'enquĂȘte et de sens commun, avant de prĂ©senter les divers outils mĂ©thodologiques ayant servi l'analyse socio-sĂ©miotique du cas Ă©tudiĂ©. Inaugurant l'axe empirique de ce travail, la seconde partie analyse l'ontologie plurielle de WikiLeaks. Elle suit l'Ă©volution du discours public et des fonctionnalitĂ©s du site Internet de WikiLeaks, ainsi que la visibilitĂ© dont y jouit Julian Assange. Aussi, elle montre la progression d'une plateforme participative horizontale vers un modĂšle organisationnel plus structurĂ© et hiĂ©rarchique. La troisiĂšme partie porte sur la « reprĂ©sentation mĂ©diatique » de WikiLeaks dans la presse suisse (Le Temps) et amĂ©ricaine (New York Times). Elle examine les facteurs pratiques et discursifs ayant empĂȘchĂ© la ressaisie de WikiLeaks en tant que collectif d'action et provoquĂ© sa rĂ©duction ontologique Ă un site Internet personnifiĂ© par son« fondateur». La quatriĂšme partie revient sur la mise en intrigue et en rĂ©cit, par ces mĂȘmes journaux, des allĂ©gations de viol et d'agression sexuelle portĂ©es par deux femmes suĂ©doises Ă l'endroit de Julian Assange en aoĂ»t 2010. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, elle montre comment ces allĂ©gations ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©indexĂ©es sur la controverse politico-juridique amĂ©ricaine autour de WikiLeaks. Enfin, la derniĂšre partie explore la thĂ©matique de la figuration publique en dĂ©crivant la transformation progressive d'un ĂȘtre parlant (je) en un ĂȘtre dont on parle (il) auquel est attribuĂ©e une sĂ©rie de traits de personnalitĂ©. La thĂšse s'achĂšve sur un point normatif visant Ă distinguer le principe de transparence tel qu'il est conçu et dĂ©fendu par WikiLeaks du principe de publicitĂ© qui devrait rĂ©gir, selon l'auteure, les pratiques journalistiques.
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The research documents the media trajectory of Julian Assange and WikiLeaks, from their first apparition as public entities on the WikiLeaks website in 2007 to their international recognition by mainstream media in 2010. It analyzes how the WikiLeaks project was publicly redefined: initial/y presented as collective and participative, it increasingly came to be depicted as the work of his sole "founder". This shift occurred through a series of discursive and figurative processes attributable to bath Assange and the media. Overall, the thesis discusses two phenomena that are deeply relevant to the sociology of media and communication: the media representation of hybrid collectives; the figurative and "interpellative" functions of the press. Composed of five thematic sections, the thesis opens with an epistemological reflection on the concepts of inquiry and common sense, before presenting the various methodological tools used for the socio-semiotic analysis of the case studied. Section two analyzes the plural ontology of WikiLeaks. It follows the evolution of the public discourse and functionalities of the WikiLeaks website, as well as the visibility it grants to Julian Assange. It also shows the progression from a horizontal participatory platform to a more structured and hierarchical organizational model. Section three deals with the "media representation" of WikiLeaks in the Swiss and American press (drawing from Le Temps and The New York Times, respectively). lt examines the practical and discursive factors that have prevented the depiction of WikiLeaks as a collective of action and caused its ontological reduction to a website personified by its "founder". Section four looks at the same newspapers' narratives of the rape and sexual assault allegations made by two Swedish women against Julian Assange in August 2010. Specifically, it shows how these allegations were linked to and read through the US political-legal controversy surrounding WikiLeaks. The final section explores the theme of public figuration by describing the gradual transformation of a speaking being ([) into a being that is spoken of(he), to which a series of personality traits are attributed. The thesis ends on a normative point aimed at distinguishing the principle of transparency, as conceived and defended by WikiLeaks, from the principle of publicity-which, according to the author, should govern journalistic practices
Quand Bradley Manning devint Chelsea. De la NBC Ă WikipĂ©dia, lâespace public comme scĂšne dâune transition de genre
As the scene within which Chelsea Manning acquired an existence, the public sphere is also her birthplace. Indeed, on the 22nd of August 2013, Bradley Manning, a former US Army intelligence analyst incarcerated in an American military prison for having delivered confidential cables to WikiLeaks, let the public know through a statement sent to NBC that he had always been a woman. He asked as well to be named henceforth as Chelsea. That gender self-declaration is actually uttered by a Today Show journalist interviewing Manningâs lawyer. Once the request is transmitted, both journalist and lawyer refer to Manning using the feminine pronoun. Thus, the set of a TV program turned into a setting for gender transition. But Manningâs announcement had enduring effects beyond this local scene. Indeed, within the global scene that is the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, contributors debated, sometimes fiercely, about renaming the page of the article entitled âBradley Manningâ to consecrate her new femininity. Based on an enunciative analysis, our article shows how the Today Show converted Manningâs declaration into a performative. Returning to the felicity versus unfelicity trajectory of that performative, it also attempts an ethnography of the âdiscussion pagesâ displayed in the English and French speaking platforms of Wikipedia