A wireless and portable electronic nose to differentiate musts of different ripeness degree and grape varieties

Two novel applications using a portable and wireless sensor system (e-nose) for the wine producing industry—The recognition and classification of musts coming from different grape ripening times and from different grape varieties—Are reported in this paper. These applications are very interesting because a lot of varieties of grapes produce musts with low and similar aromatic intensities so they are very difficult to distinguish using a sensory panel. Therefore the system could be used to monitor the ripening evolution of the different types of grapes and to assess some useful characteristics, such as the identification of the grape variety origin and to prediction of the wine quality. Ripening grade of collected samples have been also evaluated by classical analytical techniques, measuring physicochemical parameters, such as, pH, Brix, Total Acidity (TA) and Probable Grade Alcoholic (PGA). The measurements were carried out for two different harvests, using different red (Barbera, Petit Verdot, Tempranillo, and Touriga) and white (Malvar, Malvasía, Chenin Blanc, and Sauvignon Blanc) grape musts coming from the experimental cellar of the IMIDRA at Madrid. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) have been used to analyse the obtained data by e-nose. In addition, and the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) method has been carried out to correlate the results obtained by both technologies. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work is being supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) of the Economía y Competitividad Ministry, under the project RTA2011-00095-C02-02. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Sistema automático de análisis en continuo de la evolución del vino.

Fecha de Presentación internacional: 23.05.2006.- Titulares:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).- Instituto Madrileño de Investigación Aagraria y Alimetaria (IMIA).[EN]The invention relates to a system that can be used in real time and continuously to analyse wine in containers without having to take samples, which is based on the electronic nose concept. The inventive system comprises: an array of gas sensors which are not specific to any chemical compound, but which are sensitive to wine aromas; a system for extracting aromas from containers or barrels containing wine; an instrumentation system for measuring the different system variables and the responses from the sensors, as well as for controlling and automating the entire system; and pattern-recognition techniques. In addition, using a regression between the responses from the sensors and the data from other analysis techniques, the system can be used to make predictions of the response from said techniques for samples which are unknown but measured using the inventive system. The system is completely automatic and can be remotely monitored and controlled, for example, using the Internet.[ES]La presente invención se refiere a un sistema para el análisis del vino en los mismos depósitos sin la necesidad de extraer muestras, en tiempo real e incluso de forma continua, que se basa en el concepto de nariz electrónica. El sistema está formado por un conjunto de sensores de gases no específicos a ningún compuesto químico pero sensibles a los aromas del vino, un sistema de extracción de aromas de los depósitos o barricas donde se encuentra almacenado el vino, un sistema de instrumentación para la medida de las distintas variables del sistema y las respuestas de los sensores, así como para el control y automatización de todo el sistema, y técnicas de reconocimiento de patrones. Además, mediante una regresión entre las respuestas de los sensores y los datos de otras técnicas de análisis, el sistema permite realizar predicciones de la respuesta de estas técnicas frente a muestras desconocidas pero medidas con la presente invención. El sistema es completamente automático y puede ser monitorizado y controlado a distancia,por ejemplo mediante internet.Peer reviewe