4 research outputs found

    Influence of winter cover crops and tillage systems on corn stalk rot incidence in Paraná, Brazil

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    Corn stalk rot – CSR is a complex disease caused by many organisms, among fungi and bacteria, due to interactions between soil- or residue-borne organisms and environmental stresses acting on the plant. Studies have been done to understand this complex to find ways to minimize losses due to the disease. The main objective of this work was to assess CSR incidence after different winter crop rotations under conventional and no tillage conditions. A winter crop rotation experiment under no till and conventional tillage has been carried out at Pato Branco Iapar Exp. Sta. since 1986, and corn hybrid DKB 240 PRO was planted in all plots at Spring. There were 10 winter alternatives and fallow and clean fallow, totaling 12 treatments, planted in conventional and no tillage stripes, with randomized rotations within the stripes, and 3 reps. Plots were 20 m long by 6 m for each planting system. Only half of plots had N dressing. CSR was assessed in 20 random plants per rotation, planting system and N dressing, using finger pressure at the third internode above soil level. Separate statistical analyses were done using SAS procedures for CSR incidence with and without N dressing. There was no CSR incidence difference within cropping systems. Rotation including leguminous crops (lupine, hairy, or common vetch) decreased CSR incidence, whereas those with grass crops (wheat, rye, ryegrass, or oats) favored the disease. Fallow and oilseed radish favored the most, whereas clean fallow disfavored the most CSR incidence

    Viabilidade econômica do sistema de adubação diferenciado comparado ao sistema de adubação convencional em lavoura cafeeira: um estudo de caso Economic viability of the variable rate technology compared to the traditional system of fertilization in a coffee field: a case study

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    A agricultura de precisão surge como uma importante ferramenta para maximizar o gerenciamento da atividade cafeeira, principalmente para esta cultura, que possui elevado custo de produção. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo fazer um estudo comparativo da viabilidade econômica de dois sistemas de adubação na lavoura cafeeira: o sistema utilizando as técnicas da agricultura de precisão e o sistema de aplicação convencional. Os dados utilizados foram extraídos dos custos de produção da fazenda Brejão, no sul de Minas Gerais, em três áreas (22 ha, 10,52 ha e 6,23 ha), onde foram realizadas aplicações de adubos de forma diferenciada nas safras de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. O sistema de adubação em agricultura de precisão caracterizou-se por coleta de amostras de solo, georreferenciadas, e aplicação diferenciada de fósforo e potássio. Os custos da adubação convencional foram obtidos por meio de simulações, considerando a amostragem convencional do solo realizada nas glebas. Para efeito comparativo entre os sistemas de adubação, foram consideradas as operações e as quantidades de adubos necessárias em cada sistema. Entre os dois sistemas, observou-se diferenças de aplicação dos elementos fósforo e potássio, e também nas quantidades aplicadas. A adubação diferenciada foi vantajosa para as áreas de 22 ha e 10,52 ha, nas duas safras em estudo, e para a área de 6,23 ha só foi vantajosa (menor prejuízo) na safra de 2008/09.<br>The precision agriculture appears as an important tool to improve coffee field management, mainly to this culture that has high production costs. The present work intended to accomplish a comparative study of the economic feasibility of two fertilizer systems: one using the precision agriculture and other using conventional fertilization. The data base used were extracted from the production costs of the Brejão farm, in south of Minas Gerais, in three areas (22 ha, 10.52 ha and 6.23 ha), where were applied fertilizer in variable rates in the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 harvests. The precision agriculture was characterized by the georeferenced soil sampling and the application of phosphorus and potassium in variable rates. The conventional fertilization costs were obtained by simulations considering the traditional soil sampling performed at these areas. In order to compare the two fertilization systems, it was considered the operations and the amount of fertilizer necessary in each of the fertilization system. It was realized differences in the elements and in the amount that should be applied between the two systems. The variable rate fertilization was more profitable to the area of 22 ha and 10.52 ha in the two harvests studied and to the area of 6.23 ha was profitable (less prejudice) only to the last crop

    Produtividade e rendimento de sementes de pinhão-manso submetido à irrigação e adubação com OMM-Tech Response of Jatropha Curcas L. crop to irrigation and fertilization with OMM-Tech

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    Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da irrigação e aplicação do fertilizante Organo-Minerais-Marinhos + Biotech® (OMM-Tech) na produtividade e rendimento do pinhão-manso, um experimento foi instalado em Lavras - MG. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, contendo três repetições. As parcelas receberam tratamentos constituídos por três formas de aplicação do fertilizante OMM-Tech, ou seja: T1 = Testemunha (Sem OMM-Tech); T2 = via solo (120 kg ha-1 de OMM-Tech na forma de pó); T3 = via foliar (OMM-Tech na forma líquida e na concentração de 5%); e T4 = via solo + foliar (60 kg ha-1 de OMM-Tech na forma de pó + OMM-Tech na forma líquida, na concentração de 2,5%). As sub-parcelas receberam os tratamentos de manejo de água, ou seja, com e sem irrigação. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o gotejamento, com emissores espaçados a cada 0,50 m. Para avaliar a resposta da cultura, utilizaram-se dados de produtividade e rendimento de sementes referentes ao primeiro ano de produção. Os tratamentos aplicados produziram efeitos significativos sobre o rendimento e a produtividade da cultura. As plantas irrigadas e adubadas com OMM-Tech pó, via solo, na dose de 120 kg ha-1, foram as que apresentaram o melhor resultado.<br>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and application of Organo-Minerals-Marine+Biotech (OMM-Tech) in yield and production efficiency of the Jatropha curcas. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area located in Federal University of Lavras, Brazil. A randomized block design with subdivided parcels and three replications was used. The parcels were submitted to different OMM-Tech fertilizer application methods: T1= control (no OMM-Tech); T2 = soil application (120 kg ha-1 of OMM-Tech in a powder form); T3 = leaf application (OMM-Tech in a liquid form with a 5% concentration); T4 = soil + leaf application (60 kg ha-1 of OMM-Tech as powder + OMM-Tech in liquid form with a 2.5% concentration). The sub-plots received two different water management treatments: with and without irrigation. A drip irrigation system with emitters spaced by 0.50 m was used. It was evaluated productivity and production efficiency of seeds in the first yield year. The plants irrigated and fertilized with 120 kg ha-1 of OMM-Tech solid in soil showed better productivity
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