Phase transition and thermodynamics of a hot and dense system in a scaled NJL model

The chiral phase transition of a hot and dense system of quarks is studied within a modified SU(3) NJL lagrangian that implements the QCD scale anomaly. The u- and s-quark condensates can feel or not the same chiral restoration depending on the considered region of the 3-dimension space T_c(\mu_uc,\mu_sc). The temperature behaviour of the pressure and of the energy and entropy densities of the u- and s-quark system is investigated. At high temperature, the non-vanishing bare s-quark mass only modifies slightly the usual behaviour associated with an ideal quark gas.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, uses elsart.sty. This version of the paper includes the figures (ps

Probing the density dependence of the symmetry potential with peripheral heavy-ion collisions

The peripheral heavy-ion collisions of $^{112, 124}Sn+ ^{86}Kr$ at $E_{b}= 25AMeV$ are studied by means of the Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model(ImQMD). It is shown that the slope of the average N/Z ratio of emitted nucleons vs impact parameters for these reactions is very sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Our study also shows that the yields of $^{3}H$ and $^{3}He$ decrease with impact parameters and slope of the yield of $^{3}H$ vs impact parameters as well as the ratio of Y($^{3}H$)/Y($^{3}He$) depend on the symmetry potential strongly for peripheral heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 10 pages,6 figures, accepted by Phys.Rev.

Unified description of fission in fusion and spallation reactions

We present a statistical-model description of fission, in the framework of compound-nucleus decay, which is found to simultaneously reproduce data from both heavy-ion-induced fusion reactions and proton-induced spallation reactions at around 1 GeV. For the spallation reactions, the initial compound-nucleus population is predicted by the Li\`{e}ge Intranuclear Cascade Model. We are able to reproduce experimental fission probabilities and fission-fragment mass distributions in both reactions types with the same parameter sets. However, no unique parameter set was obtained for the fission probability. The introduction of fission transients can be offset by an increase of the ratio of level-density parameters for the saddle-point and ground-state configurations. Changes to the finite-range fission barriers could be offset by a scaling of the Bohr-Wheeler decay width as predicted by Kramers. The parameter sets presented allow accurate prediction of fission probabilities for excitation energies up to 300 MeV and spins up to 60 \hbar.Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

A Model for the Off-forward Structure Functions of the Pion

We extend our model for the pion, which we used previously to calculate its diagonal structure function, to the off-forward case. The imaginary part of the off-forward gamma* pi -> gamma* pi scattering amplitude is evaluated in the chiral limit (m_pi=0) and related to the twist-two and twist-three generalised parton distributions, H, H3, H3tilde. Non-perturbative effects, linked to the size of the pion and still preserving gauge invariance, are included. Remarkable new relations between H, H3 and H3tilde are obtained and discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 20 figures, LaTeX, uses ulg_ptf.cls (included); v2: Form factors dropped in favour of GPD's, comparison between Wandzura-Wilczek approximation and our relations adde

A Model for the Generalized Parton Distribution of the Pion

We calculate the off-forward structure function of the pion within a simple model where the size of the pion is accounted for using a momentum cut-off. Twist-two and twist-three generalized parton distributions are extracted. Relations between twist-three and twist-two contributions are obtained, the origin of which is not kinematical as they differ from those arising from the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation.Comment: Presented at 6th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, Villasimius, Sardinia, Italy, 21-25 Sep 2004, 3 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX, uses aip-6s.clo, aipproc.cls and aipxfm.sty (included

A toy model for generalised parton distributions

We give the results of a simple model for the diagonal and off-diagonal valence quark distributions of a pion. We show that structure can be implemented in a gauge-invariant manner. This explicit model questions the validityof the momentum sum rule, and gives an explicit counter-example to the Wandzura-Wilczek ansatz for twist-3 GPD's.Comment: 11 pages, presented at HADRONIC PHYSICS (HLPR 2004): Joint Meeting-Heidelberg-Liege-Paris-Rostock, Spa, Belgium, 16-18 December 2004, 11 pages, 11 figures, LaTe

Core-collapse supernova neutrinos and neutrino properties

Core-collapse supernovae are powerful neutrino sources. The observation of a future (extra-)galactic supernova explosion or of the relic supernova neutrinos might provide important information on the supernova dynamics, on the supernova formation rate and on neutrino properties. One might learn more about unknown neutrino properties either from indirect effects in the supernova (e.g. on the explosion or on in the r-process) or from modifications of the neutrino time or energy distributions in a detector on Earth. Here we will discuss in particular possible effects of CP violation in the lepton sector. We will also mention the interest of future neutrino-nucleus interaction measurements for the precise knowledge of supernova neutrino detector response to electron neutrinos.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings to "Three days of Strong Interactions & Astrophysics HLPW08", 6-8 March 2008, SP

The Valence Quark Distribution of the Pion

The pion structure function is investigated in a simple model, where the pion and its constituent quark fields are coupled through the simplest pseudoscalar coupling. The imaginary part of the forward gamma* pi -> gamma* pi scattering amplitude is evaluated and related to the structure functions. It is shown that the introduction of non-perturbative effects, linked to the size of the pion, allows a connection with the quark distribution. It is predicted that higher-twist terms become negligible for Q^2 larger than ~2 GeV^2, that quarks in the pion have a momentum fraction smaller than in the proton case, and that the momentum sum rule is violated for the pion.Comment: Presented by J. P. Lansberg at the XXII Physics in Collision Conference (PIC02), Stanford, California, June 20-22, 2002, 3 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX, uses pic02.sty (included

Pion Structure Function and Violation of the Momentum Sum Rule

We present a method to evaluate the pion structure functions from a box diagram calculation. Pion and constituent quark fields are coupled through the simplest pseudoscalar coupling. The gamma^* pi -> q \bar q cross-section is evaluated and related to the structure functions. We then show that the introduction of non-perturbative effects, related to the pion size and preserving gauge invariance, provides us with a straighforward relation with the quark distribution. It is predicted that higher-twist terms become negligible for Q^2 larger than about 2 GeV^2 and that quarks in the pion have a momentum fraction smaller than in the proton. We enlarge the discussion concerning this violation of the momentum sum rule, emphasizing that the sum rule is recovered in the chiral limit and also when the finite size condition is not imposed.Comment: Presented by J.P. Lansberg at the II International Workshop on Hadron Physics, 25-29 September, 2002, Coimbra, Portugal, 14 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX, uses aip-6s.clo, aipproc.cls and aipxfm.sty (included