Research reports on the diagnosis and detection; environment and infection; and evaluation of interventions on infectious diseases.

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The relationship between sputum microbial load and leucocyte count in stable bronchiectasis

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Anti-inflammatory effects of fluticasone in bronchiectasis

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The clinical profile and respiratory ciliary assessment in Kartageners syndrome

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Electrification of Smart Cities

Funding: This research received no external funding.Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Electrification plays a key role in decarbonizing energy consumption for various sectors, including transportation, heating, and cooling. There are several essential infrastructures for a smart city, including smart grids and transportation networks. These infrastructures are the complementary solutions to successfully developing novel services, with enhanced energy efficiency and energy security. Five papers are published in this Special Issue that cover various key areas expanding the state-of-the-art in smart cities’ electrification, including transportation, healthcare, and advanced closed-circuit televisions for smart city surveillance

Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2005/06

This report presents the latest estimates of Hong Kong domestic health spending between fiscal years 1989/90 and 2005/06, cross-stratified and categorised by financing source, provider, and function on an annual basis. In fiscal year 2005/06, total health expenditure was HK$71 557 million. In real terms, it grew 6.5$71 557 million total health expenditure in 2005/06, HK$68 810 million (96.2$2746 million (3.8%) on capital expenses (ie investment in medical facilities). Services of curative care accounted for the largest share (67.3%) and were made up of ambulatory services (35.7%), in-patient services (27.7%), day patient hospital services (3.4%), and home care (0.6%). The second largest share was spending on medical goods outside the patient care setting (10.8%). In terms of health care providers, hospitals (44.0%) accounted for the largest share of total health expenditure in 2005/06, followed by providers of ambulatory health care (31.4%). We observed a system-wide trend towards service consolidation at institutions (as opposed to free-standing ambulatory clinics, most of which are staffed by solo practitioners). Not taking capital expenses (ie investment in medical facilities) into account, public current expenditure on health amounted to HK$34 849 million (50.6$33 961 million) was mostly incurred at providers of ambulatory health care (55.8%). This reflects the mixed health care economy of Hong Kong, where public hospitals generally account for about 90% of total bed-days and private doctors (including western and Chinese medicine practitioners) provide about 70% of out-patient care. Although both public and private spending were mostly expended on personal health care services and goods (93.0%), the patterns of distribution among functional categories differed. Public expenditure was targeted at in-patient care (53.7%) and substantially less on out-patient care (24.6%), especially low-intensity first-contact care. In comparison, private spending was concentrated on out-patient care (49.9%), followed by medical goods outside the patient care setting (22.0%) and in-patient care (19.0%). Compared to countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Hong Kong has devoted a relatively low percentage of gross domestic product on health services in the last decade. As a share of total spending, public funding (either general government revenue or social security funds) was also lower than in most comparably developed economies, although commensurate with its public revenue collection base.published_or_final_versio

Diffuse panbronchiolitis: the Hong Kong experience

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Hong Kong's domestic health spending—financial years 1989/90 through 2004/05

This report presents the latest estimates of Hong Kong’s domestic health spending between fiscal years 1989/90 and 2004/05, cross-stratified and categorised by financing source, provider and function on an annual basis. Total expenditure on health was HK$67 807 million in fiscal year 2004/05. In real erms, total expenditure on health showed positive growth averaging 7This increase was largely driven by the rise in public spending, which rose 9Of the$67 807 million total health expenditure in 2004/05, current xpenditure comprised $65 429 million (96$2378 million (4%) were apital expenses (ie investment in medical facilities). Services of curative care ccounted for the largest share of total health spending (67%) which were made p of ambulatory services (35%), in-patient curative care (28%), day patient ospital services (3%), and home care (1%). The next largest share of total health xpenditure was spent on medical goods outside the patient care setting (10%). Analysed by health care provider, hospitals accounted for the largest share (46%) and providers of ambulatory health care the second largest share (30%) f total health spending in 2004/05. We observed a system-wide trend towards ervice consolidation at institutions (as opposed to free-standing ambulatory linics, most of which are staffed by solo practitioner). In 2004/05, public expenditure on health amounted to $35 247 million (53.9$30 182 million) was mostly incurred at providers of mbulatory health care (54.6%). This reflects the mixed health care economy of ong Kong where public hospitals generally account for about 90% of total beddays nd private doctors (including Western and Chinese medicine practitioners) rovide 75% to 80% of out-patient care. While both public and private spending were mostly expended on personal ealth care services and goods (92.9%), the distributional patterns among functional ategories differed. Public expenditure was targeted at in-patient care (54.2%) and ubstantially less on out-patient care (24.5%), especially low-intensity first-contact are. In comparison, private spending was mostly concentrated on out-patient care (49.6%), whereas medical goods outside the patient care setting (22 .6%) and inpatient are (18.8%) comprised the majority of the remaining share. Compared to OECD countries, Hong Kong has devoted a relatively low percentage of gross domestic product to health in he last decade. As a share of total spending, public funding (either general government revenue or social security funds) was lso lower than in most comparably developed economies, although commensurate with its public revenue collection base.published_or_final_versio

The effects of a job readiness training programme for workers with muscuioskeletal injuries

2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe