Anxiolytic-like effects observed in rats exposed to the elevated zero-maze following treatment with 5-HT₂/5-HT₃/5-HT₄ ligands

The present study examined the effects of administering selective 5-HT antagonists and agonists to rats tested in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) model of anxiety. The EZM paradigm has advantages over the elevated plus-maze (EPM) paradigm with respect to measuring anxiety, yet has been utilized less frequently. Three experiments were conducted each with a diazepam control (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg). In the first experiment, we administered the 5-HT(2C) antagonist RS 102221 (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT(2C) agonist MK-212 (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg); in the second experiment, we administered the 5-HT(3) antagonist Y-25130 (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT(3) agonist SR 57227A (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), and in the third experiment, we administered the 5-HT(4) antagonist RS 39604 (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT(4) agonist RS 67333 (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg). The administration of 5-HT(2/3/4) subtype antagonists all generated behavioral profiles indicative of anxiolytic-like effects in the EZM, which was apparent from examination of both traditional and ethological measures. While little effect was observed from 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) agonists, the 5-HT(4) agonist RS 67333 was found to produce a paradoxical anxiolytic-like effect similar to that produced by the 5-HT(4) antagonist RS 39604. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings

Feo-hifomicose subcutânea por Exophiala jeanselmei localizada na bolsa escrotal: relato de caso Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis on the scrotum caused by Exophiala jeanselmei: case report

A feo-hifomicose subcutânea é uma doença causada por fungos demáceos que acomete principalmente indivíduos imunocomprometidos e geralmente cursa com lesões localizadas nos membros inferiores. Os autores relatam um caso de feo-hifomicose subcutânea em um paciente imunocompetente, com localização atípica - na hemibolsa escrotal esquerda -, tratado com sucesso com fluconazol sistêmico associado à excisão cirúrgica.<br>Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is a disease caused by dematiaceous fungi that develops mainly in immunocompromised patients. Lesions are generally located on the lower limbs. The present report describes a case of phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent patient in whom a subcutaneous abscess was located in an unusual site, on the left hemiscrotum. The abscess was treated successfully with oral fluconazole associated with surgical excision