MEMES. EL PARADIGMA COMUNICATIVO DE LA WEB 2.0

[EN] This study is born from the communicative relationship established between 21st century society and memes, however, it will be also drawn an evolutionary path from its earliest apparitions and analyzing the cultural model that orbits around these through the network, as well as its impact and incorporation into plural areas. Starting from a reflection resulting from a subjective experience within the means of analysis, it is proposed a contextual and anthropological factual study where the main objective is to generate a deliberation about the viral content at the very moment it develops and to cause an awareness of the existence of it as well. This is essentially sought through the distinction of memes as a graphic element, addressing its communicative virtue and raising a relation between entertainment and communication, among several other issues. The result is a theoretical project in which we tackle the communicative and sociocultural ignored tangents which are established in relation to memes and that invites to reflection and immersion in a visual language that grows and is increasing frenzied. Nº de páginas:[ES] Este estudio nace de la relación comunicativa que se establece entre la sociedad del siglo XXI y los memes, trazando, no obstante, una linde evolutiva desde sus apariciones más tempranas y analizando el modelo cultural que orbita entorno a estos en la red, así como su repercusión e incorporación en ámbitos plurales. Partiendo de una reflexión fruto de la vivencia subjetiva dentro de los medios de análisis se plantea un estudio objetivo contextual y antropológico. En el que el objetivo principal es generar una deliberación sobre el contenido viral en el preciso momento en que este se está desarrollando y, asimismo, generar una conciencia de existencia del mismo. Esto se procura conseguir, esencialmente, a través de la distinción de los memes como elemento gráfico, abordando su virtud comunicativa y planteando una relación entretenimiento-comunicación, entre otras varias cuestiones. Se trata de un proyecto teórico en que afrontamos las tangentes comunicativas y socioculturales ignoradas que se establecen con relación a los memes y que invita a la reflexión y a la inmersión en un lenguaje visual que crece y se divulga de forma cada vez más frenética.Cozma, MLA. (2019). MEMES. EL PARADIGMA COMUNICATIVO DE LA WEB 2.0. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/126705TFG

Food Safety Risks Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Wild Boar Liver

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has significantly impacted humans due to its potential to cause acute viral hepatitis. Discovery of hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and wild boars worldwide and the realization that it is highly prevalent, raised concerns of the implications for food-borne transmission of HEV in Europe. Present work focusses on molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in wild boar liver samples, underlining the possible role of wildlife as a source of HEV transmission to humans. During hunting season 2016-2017, liver samples were collected from 37 wild boars in Iași and Suceava County. All tissues samples were submitted for RNA isolation followed by nested RT-PCR. Genetic characterization of wild boar HEV targeted the structural gene in the ORF2 region of hepatitis E virus genome. After specific amplification by nested RT-PCR of a 348 nt fragment from HEV ORF2, five liver samples positive for hepatitis E virus genotype 3 RNA were identified. In the present study HEV detection in Romanian fresh liver from wild boars highlights the importance of swine as a possible source of foodborne transmission. Moreover, our results along with the reviewed literature data emphasize the necessity of efficient food safety control measures implementation

Preliminary Remarks Regarding the Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Strains of E. coli and K. Pneumoniae, Isolated from Cows with Clinical Endometritis

ESBL-producing organisms pose unique challenges to clinical microbiologists, clinicians, infection control professionals and antibacterial-discovery scientists. Although the prevalence of ESBLs is not known, it is clearly increasing, and in many parts of the world, 10-40% of strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae express ESBLs (Rupp and Fey, 2003).The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ESBL-positive strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in cows with clinical signs of endometritis that were treated exclusively with Oxytetracicline for both diseases of the genital area as well as other bacterial infectious diseases.The study population included 35 Romanian Black Pied cows with clinical signs of endometritis within a farm in North Eastern of Romania. The samples were harvested using sterile cotton swabs that have been further microbiologically processed. For the phenotypic confirmation of the isolated ESBL strains, were used the combined disk test (CLSI, 2014) and the Oxoid Brilliance chromogenic ESBL Agar medium. The taxonomic classification of the isolated colonies was carried out by testing some minimal biochemical characteristics by using the MIU and TSI tests.A total of 47 bacterial strains were isolated from uterine secretions, derived from the 35 cows included in this trial. From the total of 47 isolated bacterial strains, 17 belonged to E. coli and K. pneumoniae species, from which, 6 of them were confirmed as being ESBL-positive.In this preliminary study, by phenotypic methods was confirmed a prevalence of 35.3% for the ESBL strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which requires further research to confirm by molecular biology the identification of ESBL resistance genes, but also for the plasmids encoding these gene transmission

Hepatocarcinoma with tumor thrombus occupying the right atrium and portal vein in a patient with hereditary hemochromatosis and liver cirrhosis

We present the case of a 46-year old patient with Child-Pugh class C cirrhosis with MEDL-Score 16, and hepatocellular carcinoma invading the inferior vena cava and the right atrium. The etiology of cirrhosis is type 1 hereditary hemochromatosis with positive HFE C282Y/C282Y and H63D/H63D mutations. A systematic review of the literature was performed and only 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis extending into the right atrium have been described. To our knowledge, this is the first case that evidences the presence in hereditary hemochromatosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with atypical invasion into the right atrium. Screening of patients with a family history of hereditary hemochromatosis allows detection of the disease in the asymptomatic phase, allowing initiation of early therapy and improved prognosis

Immune and Inflammatory Pathways in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). An update

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), also known as fatty liver disease (FLD), is a major public health problem. It is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Chronic inflammation of the liver is an essential key in the progression from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, the evolutionary stage of fatty liver disease. Moreover, the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatic inflammation. For this reason, it is of utmost importance to elucidate the connections between immune mechanisms, Toll-like receptor cytokine signalling, in order to find new effective treatments. Further studies are necessary to test theories presented in this paper. The elucidation of mechanisms underlying the progression of hepatic steatosis towards steatohepatitis is essential for the development of useful diagnosis and treatment for medical practice

Humanized mouse models and human viruses

Well-developed mouse models are important for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of immunological response to viral infections in humans. Moreover, to test vaccines, anti-viral drugs and therapeutic agents, mouse models are fundamental for preclinical investigations. Human viruses, however, seldom infect mice due to differences in the cellular receptors used by the viruses for entry, as well as in the innate immune responses in mice and humans. In other words, a species barrier exists when using mouse models for investigating human viral infections. Developing transgenic (Tg) mice models expressing the human genes coding for viral entry receptors and knock-out (KO) mice models devoid of components involved in the innate immune response have, to some extent, overcome this barrier. Humanized mouse models are a third approach, developed by engrafting functional human cells and tissues into immunodeficient mice. With an increase in the advancement of modern techniques used for genetic manipulation, humanized mice have become an important asset. They are becoming indispensable for analyzing human viral diseases since they nearly recapitulate the human disease. These mouse models also serve to test the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. The development of humanized mouse models offers a preclinical in vivo platform for further characterization of human viral infections and human immune responses triggered by these virus particles. This review highlights recent progress in utilizing humanized mice to decipher human specific immune responses against viral tropism

Mouse models and Sars-Cov-2

Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world, resulting in a global public health emergency. COVID-19 is causing a major once-in-a century global pandemic. The emergences of coronaviruses have caused a serious global public health problem because their infection in humans caused the severe acute respiratory disease and deaths. Much more serious than SARS-CoV in 2002, the current SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading to more than 213 countries, areas or territories and causing more than 31 million cases and 962,518 deaths (update september 2020). Intensive research efforts have focused on increasing our understanding of viral biology of SARS-CoV-2, improving antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies. The lack of vaccine and antivirals has brought an urgent need for an animal model. The animal models are important for both the fundamental research and drug discovery of coronavirus