Tensão superficial estática de misturas em tanque de glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl isoladas ou associadas com adjuvantes Static superficial tension of glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl tank mixtures with or without adjuvants

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a tensão superficial estática, o pH e a produção da espuma de misturas em tanque de glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl, associadas ou não com adjuvantes. Dois trabalhos foram realizados, sendo a primeira etapa desenvolvida em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e 20 repetições, representados por soluções dos herbicidas glyphosate (540,0 g e.a. ha-1) e chlorimuron-ethyl (7,5 g ha-1), isolados e em mistura em tanque nas formulações: Polaris®; Roundup Ready®; Classic®; Polaris® + Classic®; Roundup Ready® + Classic® e testemunha (água). Na segunda etapa foram estudados em DIC 70 tratamentos e 20 repetições, em fatorial 2 x 5 x 7, constituído por duas misturas de glyphosate com chlorimuron-ethyl (Polaris® + Classic® e Roundup Ready ® + Classic®), cinco adjuvantes (Joint Oil®; Nimbus®; Assist®; Natur' Oil® e Agr' Óleo®) e sete doses dos adjuvantes (0,000; 0,031; 0,062; 0,125; 0,250; 0,500 e 1,000% de v/v). As soluções de Polaris® e Roundup Ready®; isoladas ou em misturas com Classic®; caracterizaram-se por tensões superficiais estáticas de 43,2 e 35,9 mN m-1 e pH médios em torno de 4,5 a 4,6, respectivamente. As misturas de Polaris®+Classic®; Roundup Ready®+Classic® e Classic® apresentaram a maior quantidade e persistência da espuma ao longo do tempo, quando comparadas às formulações de Polaris® e Roundup Ready®. Os adjuvantes promoveram redução da tensão superficial quando associados às misturas de Polaris® + Classic® e Roundup Ready® + Classic®; caracterizando-se em termos de eficiência pela ordem decrescente: Nimbus® (36,5% e 25,8%) < Joint Oil® (32,2% e 25,2%) < Agr' Oil® (21,2% e 13,4%) < Natur' Oil® (17,4% e 10,6%) < Assist® (8,5% e 10,6%). Os adjuvantes promoveram redução da quantidade e persistência da espuma das misturas de Polaris® + Classic® e Roundup Ready® + Classic®; com pequenas variações dos níveis médios de pH das soluções inferiores a 0,5.<br>This work aimed to evaluate static superficial tension, pH and foam production in glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl tank mixtures with or without adjuvants. The experiment consisted of two stages, with the first stage being arranged in a complete randomized design, with six treatments and 20 replications, represented by glyphosate (540.0 g a.e. ha-1) and chlorimuron-ethyl (7.5 g ha-1) solutions, isolated and in tank mixtures in the following formulations: PolarisTM, Roundup ReadyTM, ClassicTM, PolarisTM + ClassicTM, Roundup ReadyTM + ClassicTM and check (water). The second stage was also arranged in a complete randomized design, with 70 treatments and 20 replications, in a 2 x 5 x 7 factorial scheme constituted by two mixtures of glyphosate with chlorimuron-ethyl (PolarisTM + ClassicTM and Roundup ReadyTM + ClassicTM), 5 adjuvants (Joint OilTM, NimbusTM, AssistTM, Natur' OilTM and Agr' ÓleoTM) and 7 adjuvant doses (0.000; 0.031; 0.062; 0.125; 0.250; 0.500 and 1.000% of v/v). PolarisTM and Roundup ReadyTM solutions , isolated or in tank mixtures with ClassicTM, characterized by static superficial tensions of 43.2 and 35.9 mN m-1 and medium pHs, around 4.5 to 4.6, respectively. PolarisTM + ClassicTM, Roundup ReadyTM + ClassicTM and ClassicTM solutions showed the highest foam quantity and persistence during the time, compared to PolarisTM and Roundup ReadyTM mixtures. Adjuvants promoted reduction of static superficial tension when associated with PolarisTM + ClassicTM and Roundup ReadyTM + ClassicTM mixtures, being characterized in efficiency by this decreasing order: NimbusTM (36.5% and 25.8%) < Joint OilTM (32.2% and 25.2%) < Agr' OilTM (21.2% and 13.4%) < Natur' OilTM (17.4% and 10.6%) < AssistTM (8.5% and 10.6%). Adjuvants promoted reduction of foam quantity and persistence in the PolarisTM + ClassicTM and Roundup ReadyTM + ClassicTM mixtures, with small variations in the medium levels of pH of the solutions lower than 0.5

Nematóides do Brasil. Parte V: nematóides de mamíferos Brazillan nematodes. Part V: nematodes of mammals

<abstract language="eng">A survey of nematode species parasitizing Brazilian mammals is presented, with enough data to provide their specific identification. The tirst section refers to the survey ofthe species, related to 21 superfamilies, 45 families, 160 genera and 495 species that are illustrated and measurement tables are given. The second section is concerned to the catalogue ofhost mammals which includes 34 families, 176 species and their respective parasite nematodes. The identification of these helminths is achieved by means of keys to the superfamilies, families and genera. Specific determination is induced through the figures and tables as above mentioned