The impacts of climate change on sea temperature around the UK and Ireland

What is already happening? • Sea surface temperature (SST) around the UK generally shows a significant warming trend of around 0.3C per decade over the last 40 years. • Regional variations exist in this trend with surface warming being greatest across the southern North Sea and least across the north-west of the domain. • Warm-season (Autumn) near-bottom temperatures have increased significantly across the southern North Sea over the last 30 years, but not across other regions of the domain. • Compared to 1982–1998, the annual number of marine heatwaves increased around the British Isles by an average of four events per year in the period 2000–2016. Larger increases of up to six additional events per year occurred to the north of the British Isles. Smaller changes occurred to the south of the region

A collection of sub-daily pressure and temperature observations for the early instrumental period with a focus on the \u27year without a summer\u27 1816

The eruption of Mount Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815 is the largest documented volcanic eruption in history. It is associated with a large global cooling during the following year, felt particularly in parts of Europe and North America, where the year 1816 became known as the “year without a summer”. This paper describes an effort made to collect surface meteorological observations from the early instrumental period, with a focus on the years of and immediately following the eruption (1815–1817). Although the collection aimed in particular at pressure observations, correspondent temperature observations were also recovered. Some of the series had already been described in the literature, but a large part of the data, recently digitised from original weather diaries and contemporary magazines and newspapers, is presented here for the first time. The collection puts together more than 50 sub-daily series from land observatories in Europe and North America and from ships in the tropics. The pressure observations have been corrected for temperature and gravity and reduced to mean sea level. Moreover, an additional statistical correction was applied to take into account common error sources in mercury barometers. To assess the reliability of the corrected data set, the variance in the pressure observations is compared with modern climatologies, and single observations are used for synoptic analyses of three case studies in Europe. All raw observations will be made available to the scientific community in the International Surface Pressure Databank

Public good mix in a federation with incomplete information

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9350.8455(98/06) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Transfers between jurisdictions with private information The equity/efficiency tradeoff

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9350.845500(KU-DE-WP--96/12) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Local public goods, inter-regional transfers and private information

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9350.845500(KU-DE-WP--96/11) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Games without Rules

Outcome spaces, folk theorem,