INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: SUBSTITUTES OR COMPLEMENTS?

International agricultural trade has evolved over time. Processed foods and developing countries have become major growth markets for U.S. agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) has become even more important than exports as a means of accessing foreign markets. The critical question is whether FDI is a substitute for or a complement of exports. This research builds upon an existing theoretical FDI model and contributes to the literature through the development of a simultaneous equation system for FDI and exports, which is estimated using two-stage least squares. Empirical analyses were used to examine the relationship between U.S. FDI and exports of processed foods into East Asian countries - China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan - from 1989 to 1998. The results indicated that a complementary relationship between FDI and exports. Additionally, these results indicated that interest rates, exchange rates, gross domestic product (GDP), and compensation rates are important variables that influence U.S. FDI in East Asian countries, while GDP, exchange rates, and export prices are important export determinants.East Asia, exports, foreign direct investment, international trade, processed foods, International Relations/Trade, F47, Q17, C3, F17,

Visible and Ultraviolet Laser Spectroscopy of ThF

The molecular ion ThF$^+$ is the species to be used in the next generation of search for the electron's Electric Dipole Moment (eEDM) at JILA. The measurement requires creating molecular ions in the eEDM sensitive state, the rovibronic ground state $^3\Delta_1$, $v^+=0$, $J^+=1$. Survey spectroscopy of neutral ThF is required to identify an appropriate intermediate state for a Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization (REMPI) scheme that will create ions in the required state. We perform broadband survey spectroscopy (from 13000 to 44000~cm$^{-1}$) of ThF using both Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and $1+1'$ REMPI spectroscopy. We observe and assign 345 previously unreported vibronic bands of ThF. We demonstrate 30\% efficiency in the production of ThF$^+$ ions in the eEDM sensitive state using the $\Omega = 3/2$ [32.85] intermediate state. In addition, we propose a method to increase the aforementioned efficiency to $\sim$100\% by using vibrational autoionization via core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states, and discuss theoretical and experimental challenges. Finally, we also report 83 vibronic bands of an impurity species, ThO.Comment: 49 pages, 7 figure

Output coupling of a Bose-Einstein condensate formed in a TOP trap

Two distinct mechanisms are investigated for transferring a pure 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate in the F = 2, mF = 2 state into a mixture of condensates in all the mF states within the F = 2 manifold. Some of these condensates remain trapped whilst others are output coupled in the form of an elementary pulsed atom laser. Here we present details of the condensate preparation and results of the two condensate output coupling schemes. The first scheme is a radio frequency technique which allows controllable transfer into available mF states, and the second makes use of Majorana spin flips to equally populate all the manifold sub-states.Comment: 12 Pages, 5 Figures, submitted to J. Phys.

Observation of anomalous spin-state segregation in a trapped ultra-cold vapor

We observe counter-intuitive spin segregation in an inhomogeneous sample of ultra-cold, non-condensed Rubidium atoms in a magnetic trap. We use spatially selective microwave spectroscopy to verify a model that accounts for the differential forces on two internal spin states. In any simple understanding of the cloud dynamics, the forces are far too small to account for the dramatic transient spin polarizations observed. The underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Renormalization Group Study of the A+B->0 Diffusion-Limited Reaction

The $A + B\to 0$ diffusion-limited reaction, with equal initial densities $a(0) = b(0) = n_0$, is studied by means of a field-theoretic renormalization group formulation of the problem. For dimension $d > 2$ an effective theory is derived, from which the density and correlation functions can be calculated. We find the density decays in time as a,b \sim C\sqrt{\D}(Dt)^{-d/4} for $d < 4$, with \D = n_0-C^\prime n_0^{d/2} + \dots, where $C$ is a universal constant, and $C^\prime$ is non-universal. The calculation is extended to the case of unequal diffusion constants $D_A \neq D_B$, resulting in a new amplitude but the same exponent. For $d \le 2$ a controlled calculation is not possible, but a heuristic argument is presented that the results above give at least the leading term in an $\epsilon = 2-d$ expansion. Finally, we address reaction zones formed in the steady-state by opposing currents of $A$ and $B$ particles, and derive scaling properties.Comment: 17 pages, REVTeX, 13 compressed figures, included with epsf. Eq. (6.12) corrected, and a moderate rewriting of the introduction. Accepted for publication in J. Stat. Phy

Adaptable-radius, time-orbiting magnetic ring trap for Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically investigate an adjustable-radius magnetic storage ring for laser-cooled and Bose-condensed atoms. Additionally, we discuss a novel time-dependent variant of this and other ring traps. Time-orbiting ring traps provide a high optical access method for spin-flip loss prevention near a storage ring's circular magnetic field zero. Our scalable storage ring will allow one to probe the fundamental limits of condensate Sagnac interferometry.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. accepted in J Phys

Nontrivial Exponent for Simple Diffusion

The diffusion equation \partial_t\phi = \nabla^2\phi is considered, with initial condition \phi( _x_ ,0) a gaussian random variable with zero mean. Using a simple approximate theory we show that the probability p_n(t_1,t_2) that \phi( _x_ ,t) [for a given space point _x_ ] changes sign n times between t_1 and t_2 has the asymptotic form p_n(t_1,t_2) \sim [\ln(t_2/t_1)]^n(t_1/t_2)^{-\theta}. The exponent \theta has predicted values 0.1203, 0.1862, 0.2358 in dimensions d=1,2,3, in remarkably good agreement with simulation results.Comment: Minor typos corrected, affecting table of exponents. 4 pages, REVTEX, 1 eps figure. Uses epsf.sty and multicol.st

Coarsening in a Driven Ising Chain with Conserved Dynamics

We study the low-temperature coarsening of an Ising chain subject to spin-exchange dynamics and a small driving force. This dynamical system reduces to a domain diffusion process, in which entire domains undergo nearest-neighbor hopping, except for the shortest domains -- dimers -- which undergo long-range hopping. This system is characterized by two independent length scales: the average domain length L(t)~t^{1/2} and the average dimer hopping distance l(t)~ t^{1/4}. As a consequence of these two scales, the density C_k(t) of domains of length k does not obey scaling. This breakdown of scaling also leads to the density of short domains decaying as t^{-5/4}, instead of the t^{-3/2} decay that would arise from pure domain diffusion.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, revtex 2-column forma