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Applications of AMS 14C Measurements in Environmental and Economical Problems
The local power of the gradient test
The asymptotic expansion of the distribution of the gradient test statistic
is derived for a composite hypothesis under a sequence of Pitman alternative
hypotheses converging to the null hypothesis at rate , being the
sample size. Comparisons of the local powers of the gradient, likelihood ratio,
Wald and score tests reveal no uniform superiority property. The power
performance of all four criteria in one-parameter exponential family is
examined.Comment: To appear in the Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics,
this http://www.ism.ac.jp/editsec/aism-e.htm
The Burden of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease: A DELPHI Approach
Introduction: The term progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) describes patients with fibrotic ILDs who, irrespective of the aetiology of the disease, show a progressive course of their disease despite current available (and non-licensed) treatment. Besides in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, little is known about management and the burden of patients with fibrotic ILD, particularly those with a progressive behaviour. Methods: Using the Delphi method, 40 European experts in ILD management delivered information on management of (progressive) fibrosing ILD and on the impact of the disease on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU). Annual costs were calculated for progressive and non-/slow-progressive fibrosing ILD for diagnosis, follow-up management, exacerbation management, and end-of-life care based on the survey data. Results: Physicians reported that progression in fibrosing ILD worsens QoL in both patients and their caregivers. Progression of fibrosing ILD was associated with a greater use of HCRU for follow-up visits and maintenance treatment compared with the non-/slow progression. The number of patients who suffered at least one acute exacerbation was reported to be more than three times higher in progressive fibrosing ILD patients than in patients with non-/slow-progressive fibrosing ILD. On average, annual estimated costs of progressive fibrosing ILD per patient were 1.8 times higher than those of the non-/slow-progressive form of the disease.
Chirality and Symmetry Breaking in a discrete internal Space
In previous papers the permutation group S_4 has been suggested as an
ordering scheme for elementary particles, and the appearance of this finite
symmetry group was taken as indication for the existence of a discrete inner
symmetry space underlying elementary particle interactions. Here it is pointed
out that a more suitable choice than the tetrahedral group S_4 is the
pyritohedral group A_4 x Z_2 because its vibrational spectrum exhibits exactly
the mass multiplet structure of the 3 fermion generations. Furthermore it is
noted that the same structure can also be obtained from a primordial symmetry
breaking S_4 --> A_4. Since A_4 is a chiral group, while S_4 is achiral, an
argument can be given why the chirality of the inner pyritohedral symmetry
leads to parity violation of the weak interactions.Comment: 42 pages, 3 table
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