Comparison of three methods to determine ovarian activity in grazing crossbred heifers

Comparando tres métodos para la determinación de actividad ovárica en novillas a pastoreo en sabanas bien drenadas del estado Guárico, Venezuela, se utilizaron 35 novillas mestizas, con peso y edad de 342,3 ± 31,6 kg y 35,87 ± 3,88 meses, respectivamente, durante 45 días, correspondientes a dos ciclos estrales, y presencia de actividad cíclica, determinada por radioinmunoanálisis (RIA), mediante concentración de progesterona en plasma sanguíneo (P4). Se utilizó como método de -eferencia el doble muestreo semanal de P4 a intervalos de 3 y días entre muestreos (T0). Los métodos a evaluar fueron: T1) = un muestreo semanal de P4; (T2) = detección visual de celo (DVC) y (T3) = Palpación transrectal (PT). Para evaluar os métodos se utilizó como referencia a To, en tabla de doble entrada (2x2) aplicando los estadísticos de J de Youden, valor de Kappa y McNemar (muestras relacionadas). Al evaluar T1 se obtuvo un 55,9% de sensibilidad con 100% de especificidad. Al evaluar DVC, se encontró un 45,31% de falsos positivos y 27,82% de falsos negativos, con un 52,23% de sensibilidad y 74,18% de especificidad. Evaluando PT, se reportó un 51,85% de falsos positivos y 30,58% de falsos negativos, con sensibilidad del 30,00% y 80,82% de especificidad. T1 es la metodología que permitió detectar con mayor frecuencia actividad cíclica en novillas púberes. La metodología de la DVC mostró mayor sensibilidad (52,23% vs. 30,00%) para determinar animales activos que PT. Es recomendable combinar metodologías para reducir errores en la detección de actividad cíclica en el campo.345 - 352BimestralTo compare three methods of cyclic activity determination in heifers grazing in well drained savanna in Guárico state, Venezuela was used 35 crossbred heifers, with 342.3 ± 1.6 kg of weight and 35.87 ± 3.88 months of age, during 45 days. The evaluation was during two estrual cycles, and presence of recurrent activity, determined by radioinmunoassay measuring progesterone concentration in sanguine plasma (P4), selecting those with values superiors to 3.18 nmol/l in two serial samples. It was used twice a week as reference method sampling from P4 in intervals of 3 and 4 days among samplings (T0). The methods to evaluate were: (T1) = a weekly sampling of P4; (T2) = visual detection of heat (VDH) carried out twice daily, one hour per period and (T3) = Transrectal palpation (TP), once a week, during the period of the trial. Te evaluate the methods it was used like reference (To), in chart of double entrance (2x2) applying the statistical of J of Youden, value of Kappa and McNemar (samples related). When evaluating (T1) 55.9% of sensibility was obtained with 100% of specificity. When evaluating (VDH), 45.31% was false positive and 27.82% false negative, with 52.23% of sensibility and 74.18% of specificity. Evaluating (TP), 51.85% was reported of false positive and 30.58% false negative, with sensibility of 30.00% and 80.82% of specificity. (T1) are the methodology that allowed to detect with more frequency recurrent activity in heifers. The methodology of the (VDH) showed bigger sensibility (52.23% vs 30.00%) to determine active animals than (TP). It is advisable to combine methodologies to reduce errors in detection of recurrent activity at the ranch

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care