Histopathological effects of Cyperdicot and vitamin E supplementation on selected organs of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) reared in a tropical fish farm in Nigeria

This study conducted in 2014 investigated the histopathological effects of Cyperdicot and vitamin E supplementation on some selected organs in juveniles of Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to 0. 0.08 and 0.16 mg/L Cyperdicot and vitamin E. Fish were divided into six groups: control, 0.80 mg/L; Cyperdicot, 0.16 mg/L; Cyperdicot, vitamin E, vitamin E + 0.08 mg/L Cyperdicot, and vitamin E + 0.16 m/L Cyperdicot insecticide. There was significant relation between temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen with Cyperdicot concentration. The LC50 value based on probit analysis was found to be 0.08 mg/L for 96 h. Samples were taken at fixed times for histopathological studies. The fish exhibited behavioural and dermatological changes. Vitamin E + 0.08 mg/L Cyperdicot and vitamin E + 0.16 mg/L Cyperdicot treated fish showed abnormalities in their behaviour. Gills, liver, and kidneys of the 0.08 mg/L Cyperdicot treated group also showed several histopathological changes during the experimental periods. The organs of the fish treated with vitamin E + 0.16 mg/L Cyperdicot induced histopathological changes. The toxic effect of Cyperdicot is clear on the behavioural and histopathological aspects of the fish gills, liver, and kidney tissues, while vitamin E had no amelioration effects on them.Keywords: Cyperdicot, vitamin E, Clarias gariepinus, pesticide, sub lethal toxicit

Meat Consumption Patterns among Different Income Groups in Imo State, Nigeria

This research examined meat consumption patterns among different income groups in Imo State, Nigeria. A combination of purposive and simple random sampling techniques was used to select the markets and 200 respondents. The result of cross price elasticity of meat and fish showed that they were substitute with cross price elasticity value of 0.206. The income elasticity of meat showed that it is a normal commodity with a coefficient of 0.984, while the own price elasticity of meat reveal that it is elastic with a value of 0.769. The result of the multiple regression analysis with linear functional form as lead equation showed that quantity of meat consumed at low and medium income levels were influenced by age, annual income, price and household size of the respondents. The R2 were 0.6149 and 0.5938 for low and medium income groups and were statistically significant at 1.0% risk level. However, the result of the multiple regression analysis with the double log as lead equation showed that quantity of meat of high income group is influenced by age, income, price, household size, and sex of respondents. R2 value was 0.8529 and is statistically significant at 1.0% risk level. It was recommended that meat consumers should endeavor to maintain equilibrium in the consumption of both red and white meat because of increased nutritive value and low cholesterol content of white meat.Keywords: meat consumption, preferences, elasticity, income levels