WANNPRES 2014 ABSTRACTS Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(S):1-44

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Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of four derivatives of salicylic acid and anthranilic acid in mice and rats

Four-Substituted derivatives of salicylic and anthranilic acids: 2-hydroxy-5-azidosulfonylbenzoic acid (HASBA, 1), 2-acetyloxy-5- azidosulfonylbenzoic acid (AASBA, 2), 2-acetamido-5- azidosulfonylbenzoic acid (AMASBA, 3) and 2-acetamido-5-sulfonamidobenzoic acid (AMSABA, 4) were synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. HASBA, AASBA and AMASBA showed higher analgesic activity than aspirin (ASA) at 100 mg/kg dose, while AMSABA showed the least analgesic property. AMASBA exhibited higher antipyretic activity than paracetamol (PCM), while HASBA, AASBA and AMSABA also showed antipyretic effects which were of equal potency to that of PCM. The order of anti-inflammatory effects of the four compounds is: AASBA > AMASBA > HASBA > AMSABA. The effects of the substituents on the biological activities of the synthesized compounds are discussed. Key Words: Salicylic acid derivatives, anthranilic acid, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, cytotoxicity. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(8) 2004: 426-43

Trace Elements and Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes in Organisms from a Tropical Coastal Lagoon

Trace elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) and stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were analyzed in sediments, invertebrates, and fishes from a tropical coastal lagoon influenced by iron ore mining and processing activities to assess the differences in trace element accumulation patterns among species and to investigate relations with trophic levels of the organisms involved. Overall significant negative relations between trophic level (given by 15N) and trace element concentrations in gastropods and crustaceans showed differences in internal controls of trace element accumulation among the species of different trophic positions, leading to trace element dilution. Generally, no significant relation between δ15N and trace element concentrations was observed among fish species, probably due to omnivory in a number of species as well as fast growth. Trace element accumulation was observed in the fish tissues, with higher levels of most trace elements found in liver compared with muscle and gill. Levels of Fe, Mn, Al, and Hg in invertebrates, and Fe and Cu in fish livers, were comparable with levels in organisms and tissues from other contaminated areas. Trace element levels in fish muscle were below the international safety baseline standards for human consumption

Antitrichomonal activity of Acanthospermum hispidum D. C. (Asteraceae)

Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae), used ethnomedically in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and fever, was evaluated for antiprotozoal activities such as trypanocidal and antiplasmodial effects. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-trichomonal potential of the plant. The air-dried leaf was extracted successively with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol using the soxhlet extraction method. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the most active extract was carried out using the vacuum liquid chromatographic technique for antitrichomonal activity using Trichomonas gallinae in vitro. The ethyl acetate extract (A3) was the most active extract with LC50-LC90 values of 0.58-1.06 and 0.58-1.05 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively.  Subfraction C7 had the highest antitrichomonal activity with 0.25-0.66 and 0.25-0.54 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively comparable to the activity of metronidazole at 0.20-0.39 and 0.16-0.36 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively. A. hispidum possessed antitrichomonal activity which resided in the chloroform portion of the ethyl acetate extract of the plant.Keywords: Trichomonas gallinae, vacuum liquid chromatography, antiprotozoalAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13(11), 1303-130

Editorial-Safety of traditional medicines, complementary and alternative medicines in Africa

No Abstract Available Afr. J. Trad. CAM (2004) 1: 1-