5 research outputs found
Cytokinin modulates context-dependent chromatin accessibility through the type-B response regulators
Anti-brood parasite defences : the role of individual and social learning
In this chapter, we consider the ways in which learning is involved in the antibrood parasitism defences that hosts deploy across the nesting cycle. Brood parasitism varies in space and through time, and hosts have accordingly evolved plastic defences that can be tuned to local conditions. Hosts can achieve their defence plasticity by individual and social learning, as well as by experienceindependent mechanisms. While these mechanisms can profoundly affect the coevolutionary dynamics between hosts and their brood parasites, our understanding of how they feature across the host nesting cycle is far from complete. Hosts can actively defend themselves against brood parasitism via a variety of behaviours, including nest defence, egg discrimination and chick discrimination. Such anti-brood parasite defences rely on the host ’ s ability to recognise and then defend against the parasitic threat, and there is good evidence that both these components of discrimination can be in fl uenced by learning. To date, most research has focused on the function of learning in nest defence, but the learning mechanisms underlying egg discrimination are much better understood; and despite some notable exceptions, the role of learning in chick discrimination remains largely unexplored. An important challenge now is to understand the observed plasticity of anti-brood parasite defences in the context of environmental heterogeneity and speci fi cally in terms of variation in the presence, detection and reliability of parasitism cues
Anti-brood Parasite Defences: The Role of Individual and Social Learning
In this chapter, we consider the ways in which learning is involved in the antibrood
parasitism defences that hosts deploy across the nesting cycle. Brood
parasitism varies in space and through time, and hosts have accordingly evolved
plastic defences that can be tuned to local conditions. Hosts can achieve their
defence plasticity by individual and social learning, as well as by experienceindependent
mechanisms. While these mechanisms can profoundly affect the
coevolutionary dynamics between hosts and their brood parasites, our understanding
of how they feature across the host nesting cycle is far from complete.
Hosts can actively defend themselves against brood parasitism via a variety of
behaviours, including nest defence, egg discrimination and chick discrimination.
Such anti-brood parasite defences rely on the host’s ability to recognise and then
defend against the parasitic threat, and there is good evidence that both these
components of discrimination can be influenced by learning. To date, most
research has focused on the function of learning in nest defence, but the learning
mechanisms underlying egg discrimination are much better understood; and
despite some notable exceptions, the role of learning in chick discrimination
remains largely unexplored. An important challenge now is to understand the
observed plasticity of anti-brood parasite defences in the context of environmental
heterogeneity and specifically in terms of variation in the presence, detection
and reliability of parasitism cues