Hydrophilic interaction chromatographic analysis of anthocyanins

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Current and Emerging Therapies for Itch Management in Psoriasis

Pruritus is a common and significant symptom among patients with psoriasis. Pruritus is often present beyond the borders of psoriatic plaques, and frequently affects the scalp and genital regions. Psoriatic itch may be severe and can profoundly affect quality of life and sleep, even in the context of mild-to-moderate disease. These features often make the treatment of psoriatic pruritus challenging. However, there are a variety of effective topical and systemic treatment modalities available to address this symptom. While there remains a need for treatments that specifically target psoriatic itch, newly licensed therapies including secukinumab, ixekizumab and apremilast have been shown to rapidly and effectively mediate itch reduction

An investigation of the effect of ti, pd and zr on the dehydriding kinetics of mgh2

The effect of additives Ti, Pd and Zr on the rate of hydrogen desorption from MgH2 is investigated using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Van't Hoff analysis as well as X-ray powder diffraction measurements confirm that no new intermetallic phases are formed in these systems but enhanced dehydriding kinetics are obtained in the presence of Pd and Zr. For the Mg-Zr composite, Zr precipitates are formed throughout the material on heating to 500 °C but these do not grow with further thermal cycling. The desorption rate for all the composites was found to increase with temperature as well as pressure difference between experimental and equilibrium pressures. A value of 114 ± 4 kJ mol−1 was obtained for the activation energy for dehydriding of the Mg-Ti-Pd composite. The effect of additives Ti, Pd and Zr on the rate of hydrogen desorption from MgH2 is investigated using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Van't Hoff analysis as well as X-ray powder diffraction measurements confirm that no new intermetallic phases are formed in these systems but enhanced dehydriding kinetics are obtained in the presence of Pd and Zr. For the Mg-Zr composite, Zr precipitates are formed throughout the material on heating to 500 °C but these do not grow with further thermal cycling. The desorption rate for all the composites was found to increase with temperature as well as pressure difference between experimental and equilibrium pressures. A value of 114 ± 4 kJ mol−1 was obtained for the activation energy for dehydriding of the Mg-Ti-Pd composite

Group hunting within the Carnivora: physiological, cognitive and environmental influences on strategy and cooperation

Cooperative hunting is believed to have important implications for the evolution of sociality and advanced cognitive abilities. Variation in the level of hunt organisation amongst species and how their cognitive, behavioural and athletic adaptations may contribute to observed patterns of cooperative hunting behaviour, however, are poorly understood. We, therefore, reviewed the literature for evidence of different levels of hunt organisation and cooperation in carnivorans and examined their social and physical adaptations for hunting. Descriptions of group hunting were scarce for many species and often of insufficient detail for us to be able to classify the level of hunt organisation involved. However, despite this, reports of behaviour fitting the description of collaboration, the most advanced level of hunt organisation, were found in over half the carnivorans reported to hunt cooperatively. There was no evidence that this behaviour would require advanced cognitive abilities. However, there was some evidence that both social mechanisms reducing aggression between group members and information transfer amongst individuals may aid cooperative hunting. In general, the cooperative strategies used seemed to depend partly on the species' locomotor abilities and habitat. There was some evidence that individuals take on consistent roles during cooperative hunts in some species, but it was not clear if this reflects individuals' physical differences, social factors or life experiences. Better understanding of the social, cognitive and physical mechanisms underlying cooperative hunting, and indeed establishing to what degree it exists in the first instance, will require more data for multiple individuals and species over many hunts.</p

Epidemiology of Chronic Pruritus: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

Between 23 and 44 million Americans are estimated to suffer from chronic pruritus in the setting of both cutaneous and systemic conditions. Patients with chronic pruritus suffer extreme detriment to their ability to function, including but not limited to deranged sleep patterns, mood disturbances, increased levels of anxiety and depression, and reduced levels of overall quality of life. Indeed, chronic pruritus is now known to be as debilitating as chronic pain. For these reasons, chronic pruritus represents a serious public health concern that must be adequately addressed by clinicians. We present an up-to-date summary of the epidemiology of chronic itch in different cutaneous and systemic conditions. While we have endeavored to discuss some of the most common causes of chronic pruritus, this review does not encompass all of the myriad different diseases in which chronic pruritus can occur