Estado nutricional pré-gestacional, ganho de peso materno, condições da assistência pré-natal e desfechos perinatais adversos entre puérperas adolescentes Pre-pregnancy nutritional status, maternal weight gain, prenatal care, and adverse perinatal outcomes among adolescent mothers

OBJETIVO: Identificar associação entre estado nutricional pré-gestacional, ganho ponderal materno e condições do pré-natal com os desfechos prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) em filhos de mães adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 542 pares de puérperas adolescentes e conceptos atendidos em uma maternidade pública do município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Os dados foram coletados em prontuários. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e os desfechos estudados, foram estimados a odds ratio (OR) e o intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. RESULTADOS: Quanto ao estado nutricional pré-gestacional das adolescentes, 87% apresentavam eutrofia, 1% baixo peso, 10% sobrepeso e 2% obesidade. A inadequação do ganho de peso gestacional total (72%) superou a adequação (28%). O peso ao nascer foi favorecido com maior ganho de peso gestacional e reduzido com início tardio do pré-natal (PN). A comparação entre os grupos de conceptos com baixo peso e com peso adequado ao nascer revelou diferenças significativas entre as médias das variáveis: intervalo entre a última gestação e a atual (p = 0,022); peso pré-gestacional (p = 0,018); índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional (p < 0,001) e ganho de peso gestacional total (p = 0,047). As chances de BPN (OR 2,70; IC 95% 1,45 - 5,06) e de prematuridade (OR 5,82; IC 95% 3,10 - 10,92) reduziram quando a adolescente recebeu 6 ou mais consultas de PN. CONCLUSÃO: O peso ao nascer foi relacionado ao intervalo intergestacional, ao peso pré-gestacional e ao índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. A frequência mínima de 6 consultas de assistência pré-natal constituiu-se em fator de proteção contra o BPN e a prematuridade.<br>OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between pre-gestational nutritional status, maternal weight gain, and prenatal care with low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity outcomes in infants of adolescent mothers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 542 pairs of adolescent mothers and their children attending a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected from medical records. To determine the association between independent variables and the outcomes studied, odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated RESULTS: With respect to pre-pregnancy nutritional status of adolescents, 87% had normal weight, 1% were underweight, 10% were overweight, and 2% obese. Inadequate total gestational weight gain (72%) exceeded adequacy (28%). Birth weight was favored with greater gestational weight gain, and reduced with late onset of prenatal care. The comparison between the low birth weight and normal birth weight groups revealed significant differences between variable means: interval between the past pregnancy and current pregnancy (p = 0.022), pre-gestational weight (p = 0.018); pre-gestational body mass index (p < 0.001), and total gestational weight gain (p = 0.047). The odds of LBW (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.06) and prematurity (OR 5.82, 95% CI 3.10 to 10.92) fell when the adolescent received six or more prenatal visits. CONCLUSION: Birth weight was associated with inter-gestational interval, pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index before pregnancy. The minimum frequency of six prenatal care visits was a protective factor against LBW and prematurity

Breaking the Privacy Kill Chain: Protecting Individual and Group Privacy Online

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Online social networks (OLSNs) are electronically-based social milieux where individuals gather virtually to socialize. The behavior and characteristics of these networks can provide evidence relevant for detecting and prosecuting policy violations, crimes, terrorist activities, subversive political movements, etc. Some existing methods and tools in the fields of business analytics and digital forensics are useful for such investigations. While the privacy rights of individuals are widely respected, the privacy rights of social groups are less well developed. In the current development of OLSNs and information technologies, the compromise of group privacy may lead to the violation of individual privacy. Adopting an explorative literature review, we examine the privacy kill chain that compromises group privacy as a means to compromise individual privacy. The latter is regulated, while the former is not. We show how the kill chain makes the need for protecting group privacy important and feasible from the perspectives of social, legal, ethical, commercial, and technical perspectives. We propose a research agenda to help societies and organizations strike the proper balance between the benefits and costs of both OLSNs and investigative technologies