Obstructing The Bernardo Investigation: Kenneth Murray and the Defence Counsel’s Conflicting Obligations to Clients and the Court

This article focuses on how the investigation and prosecution of Paul Bernardo not only exposed one of Ontario‟s most notorious killers but led to significant discussion about the legal and ethical obligations faced by criminal defence lawyers. Using the example of the prosecution of Kenneth Murray, Bernardo‟s lawyer, for obstruction of justice, this paper examines the tension that is created between the conflicting duties owed by defence lawyers to candor and confidentiality. The limits of confidentiality are explored, as is the importance of the solicitor-client relationship to the legal system and whether (or when) there is a duty to disclose the possession of physical evidence. This paper will ultimately demonstrate that the ethical obligations faced by criminal defence counsel are often highly contextual and can only be decided on a case-by-case basis. As such, it is important that lawyers are provided with adequate guidance on difficult ethical and legal situations. However, despite Murray‟s prosecution (and acquittal), defence lawyers could still benefit from greater guidance in these difficult and legally-significant situations

Characterization of Chlorinated Solvent Degradation in a Constructed Wetland

Widespread chlorinated ethene contamination of aquifers coupled with high costs of current treatment technologies demand innovative remediation solutions. Wetlands, maintaining anaerobic and aerobic zones promoting the complete degradation of chlorinated ethenes such as Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), could be the answer. This thesis characterized the chlorinated solvent contamination levels in three strata of an upward flow constructed wetland. Analysis of samples was accomplished by purge-and-trap gas chromatography. Water quality parameters, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), pH, Conductivity, and Temperature, were also measured in monitoring wells with a water monitoring sonde. After removing data outliers caused by short-circuiting flow, PCE concentrations declined from an average of 32,59 ± 0,699 ppb (± 95% confidence interval) in the inflow stream to an average of 0.171 ± 0.079 ppb in the upper layer (99,3% reduction). Concentration trends of PCE degradation products cis-1,1 -Dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), Vinyl Chloride (VC), and Trichloroethylene TCE) indicate dechlorination processes are occurring. In addition to PCE, TCE at concentrations below 0,6 ppb was the only other analyte detected in the inflow and outflow, Water quality measurements (DO and 0RP) decreased from the bottom to the middle layer to a level that supports anaerobic reductive dechlorination but not methanogenesis. The DO increased slightly from the middle to the top layer while 0RP continued to decrease

Number 4 (June 1977)

A Status Report on the Bayou Darter, Etheostoma rubrum, and the Bayou Pierre System. By R.D. Suttkus and G. Clemmer, plus News Notes, 4 pp

Resolution and structural transitions of elongated states of ubiquitin

Electrospray ionization, combined with two-dimensional ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry, is used to produce, select, and activate distributions of elongated ions, [M ϩ 11H] 11ϩ to [M ϩ 13H] 13ϩ , of ubiquitin. The analysis makes it possible to examine state-to-state transitions for structural types, and transition diagrams associated with the efficiencies of structural changes are presented. The ϩ11 and ϩ12 charge states can form four resolvable states while only one state is formed for [M ϩ 13H] 13ϩ . Some conformations, which appear to belong to the same family based on mobility analysis of different charge states, undergo similar transitions, others do not. Activation of ions that exist in low-abundance conformations, having mobilities that fall in between sharp peaks associated with higher abundances species, shows that the low-abundance forms undergo efficient (ϳ90 to 100%) conversion into states associated with well-defined peaks. This efficiency is significantly higher than the ϳ10 to 60% efficiency of transitions of structures associated with well-defined peaks. The formation of sharp features from a range of low-intensity species with different cross sections indicates that large regions of conformation space must be unfavorable or inaccessible in the gas phase. These results are compared with several previous IMS measurements of this system as well as information about gas-phase structure provided by other techniques. Studies of solvent-free proteins and peptides are important because of both fundamental and practical considerations. In the absence of solvation shells (or with minimal solvent), it is possible to extract kinetic and thermodynamic benchmarks about the formation of specific types of folds and tease out the influence of solvent-molecule and intramolecular factors in establishing conformation [2] A number of groups have worked to combine ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and MS with the aim of using differences in ion mobility to separate components of a mixture that would not be resolved by MS alone [21, 22]. The mobility of a macromolecular ion through a buffer gas depends on its charge and shape (average collision cross section with the buffer gas, ⍀). Recently, we have ex- tended a hybrid IMS/MS instrument to include additional IMS dimensions leading to IMS-IMS/MS and IMS-IMS-IMS/MS instrument designs As one develops new IMS techniques (as well as other methods) it is important to revisit model systems, where some fundamental understanding of the nature of the system exists. In the present paper, we focus on the ϩ11 to ϩ13 charge states of ubiquitin ions produced by standard ESI conditions. Ubiquitin is a small, 76 amino acid protein that, under most ESI source conditions, favors the ϩ5 to ϩ13 charge states [27

Occasional papers

no.4 (1994

Screening and sequencing of sialylated glycosphingolipids in human glioblastoma by ion mobility mass spectrometry

High performance ion mobility separation mass spectrometry (IMS MS) was thoroughly optimized to allow the discovery of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-specific structures and the assessment of their roles as tumor markers or possible associated antigens. Ganglioside (GG) separation by IMS according to the charge state, carbohydrate chain length, degree of sialylation and ceramide composition, led to the identification of no less than 160 distinct components [1], which represents 3 folds the number of structures identified before. The detected GGs and asialo-GGs were found characterized by a high heterogeneity in their ceramide and glycan compositions, encompassing up five Neu5Ac residues. The tumor was found dominated in equal and high proportions by GD3 and GT1 forms, with a particular incidence of C24:1 fatty acids in the ceramide

Backchannel chatter or spatter? A comparison of online synchronous chatroom use during STEM and Social Sciences lectures.

Student engagement in large lectures is challenging, and one of our strategies has been to introduce online chatting and polling during lectures. Although our initial experiences with a backchannel chat were positive across smaller STEM and larger Social Sciences courses, it became apparent that student usage might differ across disciplines. As such, this study aimed to directly compared the use of backchannel chat in second year Engineering (ENGG*2400; N=418) and Human Sexuality (FRHD*2100; N=263) courses at the University of Guelph. Kountu, a web-based online chat and polling application, was utilized during each Fall 2016 lecture for both courses. The majority of students (72% of FRHD*2100 and 64% of ENGG*2400) tried the chatroom at least once, with an ANOVA demonstrating that the FRHD*2100 students logged in significantly more often (p \u3c .001; m = 9.53 lectures) than ENGG*2400 students (m = 6.55 lectures). ENGG*2400 students, however, posted (m = 14.34) and ‘liked’ (m = 15.25) significantly more messages per person during each lecture than FRHD*2100 students (posts m = 4.38; likes m = 5.64). Interestingly, an online survey of 79 participants indicated that ENGG*2400 students engaged in significantly more off-topic conversations and found their chatroom to be significantly more distracting during lecture than FRHD*2100 students. Additionally, FRHD*2100 students felt significantly more comfortable participating in their chatroom as compared to ENGG*2400. Using live examples and audience participation in Kountu, we will demonstrate the potential reasons for these differences as well as highlight discipline-specific advantages and limitations of using backchannel chat during lecture

A Pro Bono Physical Therapy Clinic’s Pandemic Pivot to Telehealth and Its Impact on Student Readiness for a First Full-Time Clinic Experience

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 led to a multitude of adjustments in physical therapist education. This article will describe the delivery model pivot that a student-run pro bono clinic made to sustain client care and student experience. The change in delivery model also led to a change in care model. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact that the change in delivery and care model within the student-run pro bono clinic had on student readiness for a first formal clinical education experience. Methods: This qualitative investigation utilized participant journals and a focus group to capture participants’ reflections and experiences in the first four weeks of their full-time clinical experience. Content analysis guided the research team in the data analysis. Triangulation, an audit trail, reflexivity, and member checking further enhanced confirmability of findings. Results: Seven participants kept journals and participated in the focus group. Six categories of impact emerged, three because of the change in delivery to telehealth and three due to the change in care model which led to increased continuity of care. The three categories related to telehealth included 1) impact on clinical skills, 2) facilitating communication, and 3) window into their home. The three categories specific to increased continuity of care included 1) clinical reasoning skills, 2) documentation, and 3) client rapport. Conclusions: Telehealth and the increased continuity of care presented advantages and disadvantages to student readiness. Post pandemic, student leaders should consider ways in which they might retain the positive outcomes of the switch in delivery and care model while resuming care in-person

Mapping the Human Plasma Proteome by SCX-LC-IMS-MS

The advent of on-line multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has significantly impacted proteomic analyses of complex biological fluids such as plasma. However, there is general agreement that additional advances to enhance the peak capacity of such platforms are required to enhance the accuracy and coverage of proteome maps of such fluids. Here, we describe the combination of strong-cation-exchange and reversed-phase liquid chromatographies with ion mobility and mass spectrometry as a means of characterizing the complex mixture of proteins associated with the human plasma proteome. The increase in separation capacity associated with inclusion of the ion mobility separation leads to generation of one of the most extensive proteome maps to date. The map is generated by analyzing plasma samples of five healthy humans; we report a preliminary identification of 9087 proteins from 37,842 unique peptide assignments. An analysis of expected false-positive rates leads to a high-confidence identification of 2928 proteins. The results are catalogued in a fashion that includes positions and intensities of assigned features observed in the datasets as well as pertinent identification information such as protein accession number, mass, and homology score/confidence indicators. Comparisons of the assigned features reported here with other datasets shows substantial agreement with respect to the first several hundred entries; there is far less agreement associated with detection of lower abundance components