3 research outputs found
Governing shipping externalities : Baltic ports in the process of SOx emission reduction
This paper analyses the debate which has unfolded in the Baltic Sea Region regarding the reduction of sulphur content in vessel fuels, in order to illustrate how tightening environmental regulation challenges traditional forms of maritime governance. Using an interactive governance approach, this study reconstructs the process of sulphur emission reduction as a complex multi-stakeholder interaction in multiple contexts. The empirical investigation has drawn on documentary material from around the Baltic region, including Russia, and has applied the method of qualitative content analysis. The empirical study focuses on two interlinked questions: (1) How sulphur emission reduction policies are being anticipated by maritime industry, in particular by Baltic ports and (2) How port adaptation strategies are tied into Baltic local and energy contexts. Addressing these questions highlights the role of polycentricity in shipping governance and explains how the same universal international regulations can produce varying patterns of governance. The paper concludes that policy-making shall take an account of the fact that the globalized shipping industry is nevertheless locally and sectorally embedded.Peer reviewe
The Model to Assess the Implementation of Technical Conditions Defined in Annex IV of Marpol Convention 73/78: The Case of the Baltic Sea Port of Klaipeda
Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission members seeking to implement MARPOL 73/78 Annex IV
amendments which recognize the Baltic Sea as special are, in which discharge of uncommitted sewage from passenger ships is
forbidden, must ensure that ports are equipped with adequate reception facilities. To ensure implementation of amendments of
Annex IV in port of Klaipeda, the analysis framework model was defined by authors. The model evaluates the readiness of the port
to changes brought by the amendments of MARPOL Annex IV. The scientific problem comes with perception of adequacy.
Resolution MEPC.200(62) amending MARPOL 73/78 Annex IV states, that port reception facilities must be adequate to the needs
of passenger ships using them without causing undue delay. Concept of adequacy is not defined, therefore other guidelines
explaining adequacy were used: EU directive 2000/59/EC and IMO resolution MEPC.83(44) Guidelines for ensuring adequacy of
port reception facilities. Based on these sources, criteria that must be met to ensure adequacy were identified and tested in article:
1) reception facilities meet needs of ships normally using them; 2) discharge of sewage does to cause undue delay; 3) reception
facilities does not provide disincentive to use them; 4) facilities are accessible; 5) facilities contribute to the improvement of the
marine environment