Thermonuclear Supernovae: Prospecting in the Age of Time-Domain and Multi-wavelength Astronomy

We show how new and upcoming advances in the age of time-domain and multi-wavelength astronomy will open up a new venue to probe the diversity of SN~Ia. We discuss this in the context of the ELT (ESO), as well as space based instrument such as James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). As examples we demonstrate how the power of very early observations, within hours to days after the explosion, and very late-time observations, such as light curves and mid-infrared spectra beyond 3 years, can be used to probe the link to progenitors and explosion scenarios. We identify the electron-capture cross sections of Cr, Mn, and Ni/Co as one of the limiting factors we will face in the future.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table (accepted) Conference: Nuclei in the Cosmos XV, Springer Series 36

Dust and molecular formation in supernovae

Up to 1987, supernovae (SNe) and supernova remnants (SNRs) had been thought to be hostile environments for molecules and dust grains. Fast-moving electrons in young SNe can destroy molecules, and strong X-ray radiation and shocks can destroy molecules and dust grains in SNRs. That concept was broken by detection of CO, SiO, and dust thermal emission in Supernova 1987A. Since 1987, the number of studies which have found molecules and dust in SNe and SNRs is slowly increasing. Detecting molecules can be a powerful tool to investigate dynamical motion, density, temperature, and chemistry. Dust formation can affect the thermal balance in SNe and SNRs, and radiation from dust grains can be about as high as 50 % of the cooling of the expanding ejecta. Isotopologues are molecules that differ only in respect to the isotopes of some of the constituent elements. Isotopologues found in SNe and SNR probe isotopes that can be compared with predictions of explosive nucleosynthesis. Because SNe are a major source of heavy elements, if a significant fraction of refractory elements condense into dust grains, SNe can be an important source of the dust in the interstellar medium of galaxies. In this review, the discovery of molecules and dust in SNe and SNRs and their implications are summarised

Program and abstracts for the 2011 Meeting of the Society for Glycobiology.

Cell surface mucins configure the cell surface by presenting extended protein backbones that are heavily O-glycosylated. The glycopeptide structures establish physicochemical properties at the cell surface that enable and block the formation of biologically important molecular complexes. Some mucins, such as MUC1, associate with receptor tyrosine kinases and other cell surface receptors, and engage in signal transduction in order to communicate information regarding conditions at the cell surface to the nucleus. In that context, the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (MUC1CT) receives phosphorylation signals from receptor tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases, which enables its association with different signaling complexes that conduct these signals to the nucleus and perhaps other subcellular organelles. We have detected the MUC1CT at promoters of over 500 genes, in association with several different transcription factors, and have shown that promoter occupancy can vary under different growth factor conditions. However, the full biochemical nature of the nuclear forms of MUC1 and its function at these promoter regions remain undefined. I will present evidence that nuclear forms of the MUC1CT include extracellular and cytoplasmic tail domains. In addition, I will discuss evidence for a hypothesis that the MUC1CT possesses a novel catalytic function that enables remodeling of the transcription factor occupancy of promoters, and thereby engages in regulation of gene expression