SUPPLEMENTATION WITH A MULTI-INGREDIENT PRE-WORKOUT SUPPLEMENT DOES NOT ENHANCE BODY COMPOSITION OR METABOLISM IN FEMALES

Hannah ZabriskieƗ1, Clayton L. Camicǂ2, Carl Fosterǂ3, Anna Nelsonǂ3, Brooke Zajacǂ3, Kaela Hoecherlǂ3, Joel Luedkeǂ3, Jacob Ericksonǂ4, Andrew R. Jagimǂ1 1Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 2Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 3University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 4Mayo Clinic Health Systems, Onalaska, WI Multiple ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) are purported to induce acute metabolic and physiological changes that may result in favorable body composition improvements, such as lower body fat percentage and increased lean body mass, over time. However, little research has been conducted on the effects and safety of MIPS in female populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the long-term effects of MIPS ingestion on metabolism, body composition, and clinical health measures in recreationally active females. METHODS: Nineteen recreationally active females completed the randomized, double blind, placebo control study. Resting heart rate and blood pressure, blood lipids, body composition, and resting metabolic rate were recorded before and after a seven-week resistance training program while consuming either a MIPS or placebo daily. RESULTS: No significant group by time interactions were observed for body fat percentage (p=0.66), fat free mass (p=0.87), fat mass (p=0.63), or resting metabolic rate (p=0.52). No differences were detected in clinical health measures such as resting heart rate (p=0.43), systolic blood pressure (p=0.18), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.20), or blood lipid panel measurements (p\u3e0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that consumption of MIPS does not enhance body composition or metabolic rate in recreationally active females. There is no evidence that daily MIPS use over several weeks results in adverse health effects. This study was co-funded through an unrestricted education grant from the International Society of Sports Nutrition and MusclePharm Corporation (Denver, CO)

Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: An update

Creatine is one of the most popular and widely researched natural supplements. The majority of studies have focused on the effects of creatine monohydrate on performance and health; however, many other forms of creatine exist and are commercially available in the sports nutrition/supplement market. Regardless of the form, supplementation with creatine has regularly shown to increase strength, fat free mass, and muscle morphology with concurrent heavy resistance training more than resistance training alone. Creatine may be of benefit in other modes of exercise such as high-intensity sprints or endurance training. However, it appears that the effects of creatine diminish as the length of time spent exercising increases. Even though not all individuals respond similarly to creatine supplementation, it is generally accepted that its supplementation increases creatine storage and promotes a faster regeneration of adenosine triphosphate between high intensity exercises. These improved outcomes will increase performance and promote greater training adaptations. More recent research suggests that creatine supplementation in amounts of 0.1 g/kg of body weight combined with resistance training improves training adaptations at a cellular and sub-cellular level. Finally, although presently ingesting creatine as an oral supplement is considered safe and ethical, the perception of safety cannot be guaranteed, especially when administered for long period of time to different populations (athletes, sedentary, patient, active, young or elderly)

Oestrogen receptors and breast cancer. are we prepared to move forward? A critical review

It is nearly 60 years since the identification of the oestrogen hormone receptor (ER) in breast cancer, a discovery that radically transformed the clinical management of the disease. Hormonal therapy with anti-oestrogens (Tamoxifen and Aromatase inhibitors) antagonise ER function and became the mainstay treatment until today. Around 70% of breast tumours are classified as oestrogen dependent, yet the mechanism of action of other hormones in breast cancer growth both independently and interacting with ER as well as their targeted therapies have yet to find a place in the clinic. In this article, I critically review the scientific literature for the period 1960-2016, examine the rise and persistence of the oestrogen hypothesis as well as the neglect of alternative hormonal explanations. By using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of the scientific field alongside feminist science scholars to explore the impact of gendered assumptions on science, the analysis provides insight into the dominant role of the oestrogen hypothesis and the struggles for legitimation of different alternative perspectives. I consider these alternative approaches as “internal” struggles for scientific authority, which are in turn, socially determined by “external” gender values that reinforce a binary arrangement of male/female bodies based on fixed molecular hormonal traits