Peri-transplant donor specific tranfusion combined with anti-CD4 and cyclosporine induction therapy prolongs foetal rat pancreas allograft survival.

GesondheidswetenskappeAnatomie En HistologiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Peri-transplant donor specific tranfusion combined with anti-CD4 and cyclosporine induction therapy prolongs foetal rat pancreas allograft survival.

GesondheidswetenskappeAnatomie En HistologiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

The efficacy of Malononitrilamide 715 (MNA) as immunosuppressant, alone or in combination with Cyclosporin (CSA), in allogeneic Foetal Rat Pancreatic Transplantation.

GesondheidswetenskappeAnatomie En HistologiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Acute assessment of an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (<I>Aspalathus linearis</I>) extract with hypoglycemic potential

AgriwetenskappeVoedselwetenskapPlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Anatomical and pathological considerations in percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: A reappraisal of the vertebral venous system.

GesondheidswetenskappeAnatomie En HistologiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Anatomical and pathological considerations in percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty:A reappraisal of the vertebral venous system

Objectives. To focus attention of the clinician on the anatomy and (patho) physiology of the vertebral venous system, so as to offer a tool to better understand and anticipate ( potential) complications that are related to the application of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Background. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are newly developed, minimally invasive techniques for the relief of pain and for the strengthening of bone in vertebral body lesions. With the clinical implementation of these techniques, a number of serious neurologic and cardiopulmonary complications have been reported in the international medical literature. Most complications appear to be related to the extrusion of bone cement into the vertebral venous system. Methods. The literature about complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty is reviewed, and the anatomic and ( patho) physiologic characteristics of the vertebral venous system are reported. Based on what is currently known from the anatomy and physiology of the vertebral venous system, the procedures of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are analyzed, and suggestions are made to improve the safety of these techniques. Conclusions. Thorough knowledge of the anatomic and ( patho) physiologic characteristics of the vertebral venous system is mandatory for all physicians that participate in percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. To reduce the risk of cement extrusion into the vertebral venous system during injection, vertebral venous pressure should be increased during surgery. This can be achieved by operating the patient in the prone position and by raising intrathoracic venous pressure with the aid of the anesthesiologist during intravertebral instrumentation and cement injection. Intensive theoretical and practical training, critical patient selection, and careful monitoring of the procedures, also taking into account patient positioning and intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressures, will help to facilitate low morbidity outcomes in these very promising minimally invasive techniques