VOC Air Pollution in Urban Areas – A Microscale Model experimentally validated

Previous theoretical and experimental studies (S. T. A.- Università di Pisa (DIMNP), 1998; Agostini E., M. Corezzi, I. Ciucci, M. Mazzini 2003; Agostini E., I. Ciucci, M. Mazzini, S. Strinati, 2003) even if partial, evidenced the problem of atmospheric pollution by Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Livorno (Tuscany). This pollution is caused mainly by the presence of an important refinery, other industries and traffic. Other relevant VOC emission sources are linked to port activities and to numerous small companies using paints and solvents. Figure 1 shows the map of Livorno, situated on the Tyrrhenian sea. This is a simple site from the orography point of view, except for the southern zone where a promontory and a chain of hills impose a more complex pattern of air fluxes. The industrial zone is localized in the north of the map and the harbour activities along the coast (west area). It’s difficult to define a specific zone for the companies using solvents and paints, even though a grater concentration is present around the axis Viale Carducci – Piazza Repubblica – Via Grande. The map outlines also the air pollution measurement stations managed by ARPAT (points) and the meteorological stations (crosses). The simulation of the emission scenario, was done by using ISC3 (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency) code for treating diffuse sources and CALINE4 (California Department of Transportation) for those related to traffic on main roads. The research work focuses the attention on the results of model validation by experimental data obtained along the roads of the studied area. The possibility to extend the application of this model to sites with similar orography and town-planning characteristics is also discussed in the aim of obtaining information about the level of atmospheric pollution on sites where there aren’t measurement stations

Adaptation of the HCPB DEMO TBM as breeding blanket for ITER: Neutronic and thermal analyses

none4AQUARO DONATO; N. CERULLO; CIUCCI ILIANO; MORELLINI DARIOAquaro, Donato; Cerullo, Nicola; Ciucci, Iliano; Morellini, Dari

Adaptation of the HCPB DEMO TBM as breeding blanket for ITER:Neutronic and thermal analyses

This paper illustrates a neutronic and thermal analysis of an hypothetical triziogen blanket for ITER made up of modules similar to the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) breeding blanket, which is under studies for the DEMO reactor. Presently several research centres in Europe are engaged in developing a HCPB module which will be tested in an equatorial port of ITER. This module, called test blanket module (TBM), is being studied from the neutronic and thermo-mechanical point of view. The analyses performed by the authors use some results obtained for the HCPB–TBM found in technical literature in order to assess the implemented model. Moreover, parametric analyses for determining the tritium breeding ratio (TBR) have been performed for the TBM model as well as for the entire blanket model. The simulations, performed by means of the Monte Carlo code MCNP-4C, considered different breeder materials (lithium orthosilicate, Li4SiO4 and lithium metatitanate, Li2TiO3), different values of breeder enrichment in Li6 (between 40% and 90%) and two structural materials (EUROFER and SiC/SiCf). For ITER, a TBR greater than 1 is obtained using a 90% enriched Li4SiO4 and SiC/SiCf as structural material. The volumetric heat fluxes obtained by the neutronic analyses have been used for determining the temperature distribution in the elementary unit of the TBM (breeder unit) and in the correspondent cell of the ITER blanket, subjected to the maximum neutronic flux. The maximum temperatures of the structural materials were lower than the allowable limits in both the examined cases

USE OF MMS CARS FOR THE SPEEDY EVALUATION OF THE AIR QUALITY AND THE MODEL VALIDATION

Il Dipartimento d'Ingegneria Civile (DIC) – Sez. Topografia e Fotogrammetria dell'Università di Pisa, è da tempo impegnato, in collaborazione con il Centro di Eccellenza in Telegeomatica dell'Università di Trieste, nello studio di nuove metodologie per la valutazione speditiva della qualità dell'aria. Sono stati approntati a tale scopo due veicoli MMS (Mobile Mapping System), dotati di strumentazione di posizionamento GPS ed inerziale e di strumentazioni per la misura delle concentrazioni in aria di monossido di carbonio e polveri sottili. Tramite questi veicoli è possibile produrre dei GIS contenenti mappe di concentrazione per la valutazione preliminare della qualità dell'aria. La possibilità di eseguire misure con un Veicolo mobile ha permesso poi la validazione di un modello, che, nei casi consentiti dall'attuale normativa, possa sostituire l'uso delle centraline fisse di monitoraggio, il modello in questione è stato realizzato dal Dipartimento d'Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleare e della Produzione dell'Università di Pisa tramite l'utilizzo dei Codici ISC3 e CALINEA4. L'articolo riporta i risultati ottenuti nell’area test di Livorno.The Department of Civil Engineering (DIC), Topography and Photogrammetric Chair, University of Pisa, is working, in collaboration with Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering (DIMNP) and Tuscany Regional Protection Agency on a research about small scale air pollution due to traffic emissions. The mathematical model is based on CALNEA4 code, integrated with SC3 code for background's concentrations evaluation. Experimental CO measures were obtained both by ARPAT instruments, located inside fixed monitoring network's boxes, and by a standard instrument for CO concentration's survey on board of a GWNS Vehicle. Measure's evidences are used to evaluate the capability of kinematic Survey to Walidate the forecast model. The use of mathematical model is suggested by European law 96/62/CE as fixed monitoring net data's integration