208 research outputs found
Von Neumann's Quantization of General Relativity
Von Neumann's procedure is applied for quantization of General Relativity. We
quantize the initial data of dynamical variables at the Planck epoch, where the
Hubble parameter coincides with the Planck mass. These initial data are defined
via the Fock simplex in the tangent Minkowskian space-time and the Dirac
conformal interval. The Einstein cosmological principle is applied for the
average of the spatial metric determinant logarithm over the spatial volume of
the visible Universe. We derive the splitting of the general coordinate
transformations into the diffeomorphisms (as the object of the second N\"other
theorem) and the initial data transformations (as objects of the first N\"other
theorem). Following von Neumann, we suppose that the vacuum state is a quantum
ensemble. The vacuum state is degenerated with respect to quantum numbers of
non-vacuum states with the distribution function that yields the Casimir effect
in gravidynamics in analogy to the one in electrodynamics. The generation
functional of the perturbation theory in gravidynamics is given as a solution
of the quantum energy constraint. We discuss the region of applicability of
gravidynamics and its possible predictions for explanation of the modern
observational and experimental data.Comment: 14 pages, updated version with extended discussio
3-Ketosphinganine provokes the accumulation of dihydroshingolipids and induces autophagy in cancer cells.
Although several reports describe the metabolic fate of sphingoid bases and their analogs, as well as their action and that of their phosphates as regulators of sphingolipid metabolizing-enzymes, similar studies for 3-ketosphinganine (KSa), the product of the first committed step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, have not been reported. In this article we show that 3-ketosphinganine (KSa) and its dideuterated analog at C4 (d2KSa) are metabolized to produce high levels of dihydrosphingolipids in HGC27, T98G and U87MG cancer cells. In contrast, either direct C1 O-phosphorylation or N-acylation of d2KSa to produce dideuterated ketodihydrosphingolipids does not occur. We also show that cells respond to d2KSa treatment with induction of autophagy. Time-course experiments agree with sphinganine, sphinganine 1-phosphate and dihydroceramides being the mediators of autophagy stimulated by d2KSa. Enzyme inhibition studies support that inhibition of Des1 by 3-ketobases is caused by their dihydroceramide metabolites. However, this effect contributes to increasing dihydrosphingolipid levels only at short incubation times, since cells respond to long time exposure to 3-ketobases with Des1 overexpression. The translation of these overall effects into cell fate is discussed.Partial financial support from the ‘‘Ministerio de Ciencia e
Innovación’’, Spain (Grants SAF2011-22444), ‘‘Ministerio de
Economía y Competitividad’’ (CTQ2014-54743-R), CSIC (Grant
PIE 2008801034) and Fundacio´ La Marato´ TV3 (Grant 112130 and
112132) is acknowledged. A PhD fellowship from SENESCYTEcuador
to Y. F. O. is also acknowledged. We thank Pedro Rayo
for his excellent technical assistance.Peer reviewe
Estrutura populacional dos Núcleos de Conservação de Caprinos das raças Canindé e Moxotó da Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos.
Rotation and twist regular modes for trapped ghosts
A parameter-independent notion of stationary slow motion is formulated then
applied to the case of stationary rotation of massless trapped ghosts. The
excitations correspond to a rotation mode with angular momentum and
twist modes. It is found that the rotation mode, which has no parity, causes
excess in the angular velocity of dragged distant coordinate frames in one
sheet of the wormhole while in the other sheet the angular velocity of the
ghosts is that of rotating stars: . As to the twist modes, which all
have parity, they cause excess in the angular velocity of one of the throat's
poles with respect to the other.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; General Relativity and Gravitation - 201
Non-compact Groups, Coherent States, Relativistic Wave Equations and the Harmonic Oscillator II: Physical and Geometrical Considerations
The physical meaning of the particularly simple non-degenerate supermetric,
introduced in the previous part by the authors, is elucidated and the possible
connection with processes of topological origin in high energy physics is
analyzed and discussed. New possible mechanism of the localization of the
fields in a particular sector of the supermanifold is proposed and the
similarity and differences with a 5-dimensional warped model are shown. The
relation with gauge theories of supergravity based in the group is
explicitly given and the possible original action is presented. We also show
that in this non-degenerate super-model the physic states, in contrast with the
basic states, are observables and can be interpreted as tomographic projections
or generalized representations of operators belonging to the metaplectic group
. The advantage of geometrical formulations based on non-degenerate
super-manifolds over degenerate ones is pointed out and the description and the
analysis of some interesting aspects of the simplest Riemannian superspaces are
presented from the point of view of the possible vacuum solutions.Comment: Stile of the text improved in Journa
Application of the Hybrid-Maize model for limits to maize productivity analysis in a semiarid environment
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