12,607 research outputs found
Stability of an upwind Petrov Galerkin discretization of convection diffusion equations
We study a numerical method for convection diffusion equations, in the regime
of small viscosity. It can be described as an exponentially fitted conforming
Petrov-Galerkin method. We identify norms for which we have both continuity and
an inf-sup condition, which are uniform in mesh-width and viscosity, up to a
logarithm, as long as the viscosity is smaller than the mesh-width or the
crosswind diffusion is smaller than the streamline diffusion. The analysis
allows for the formation of a boundary layer.Comment: v1: 18 pages. 2 figures. v2: 22 pages. Numerous details added and
completely rewritten final proof. 8 pages appendix with old proo
Review of Survey activities 2010
This Review of Survey activities presents a selection of 19 papers reflecting the wide spectrum of activities of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, from the microscopic to the plate-tectonic level. The Survey's activities in Denmark and surrounding areas are illustrated by 12 articles covering petroleum geology, groundwater geology, applied marine geology, Quaternary stratigraphy, sea-level changes, disposal of radioactive waste and the use of satellite radar data to detect elevation changes. The depth of two earthquakes has been determined using data from array stations in Canada and Niger. Activities in Greenland are covered by six papers dealing with mineral and petroleum exploration. One paper comes with further evidence that the controversial Wegener Fault is a myth. The influence of recent climate change on the Greenland ice sheet is the subject of another article; 2010 was the warmest year ever recorded in Greenland, and the ice sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate. The Survey's international activities are the subject of a paper dealing with quality control of geophysical data in Ghana
Gamete types, sex determination and stable equilibria of all-hybrid populations of diploid and triploid edible frogs (Pelophylax esculentus)
BACKGROUND: Triploid individuals often play a key role in speciation by hybridization. An understanding of the gamete types (ploidy and genomic content) and stability of hybrid populations with triploid individuals is therefore of importance for exploring the role of hybridization in evolution. The all-hybrid populations of the edible frog, Pelophylax esculentus, are unique in their composition and genetic dynamics: Diploid (genotype LR) and triploid (LLR and LRR) hybrids depend on each other's different gamete contributions for successful reproduction and maintenance of the populations, as the parental genotypes P. lessonae (LL) and P. ridibundus (RR) are absent among adults. This study provides data and interpretations on gamete types and sex determination that are essential for understanding the function, evolutionary potential and threats of this intriguing system.
RESULTS: Dissection of metamorphs from a crossing experiment confirmed that sex determination is an XX-XY system with the Y confined to the L genome. From microsatellite analysis of parents and offspring from the crossings, gamete frequencies could be deduced: Triploids of both sexes mostly made haploid gametes with the genome they had in double dose, however LLR females also made approximately 10% LL gametes by automixis. LR frogs showed much variation in their gamete production. In LRR-rich populations, their LR sperm production was sufficiently high (22%) to explain the observed proportion of LRR males, the formation of which has not previously been understood. A model was constructed to calculate equilibrium genotype proportions for different population types on the basis of the gamete proportions found. These equilibria agreed well with empirical literature data.
CONCLUSION: If population differentiation with respect to genotype proportions is really driven by gamete patterns, as strongly suggested by the present study, all-hybrid populations constitute not one, but several intrinsically different breeding systems. Tetraploidization could occur if the survival or fertility of both males and females increased. Whether introduction of hybrid or parental species individuals would threaten the all-hybrid populations cannot be predicted without further knowledge on the mechanisms behind non-hybrid inviability, but at least R genomes with Y factor are predicted to be invasive, if introduced, and could bring the populations to collapse
A Study of Basic Characteristics and Views of Team Teaching Programs and the Expectations of Elementary School Principals Currently Supervising Team Teaching
Traditionally, in Fremont, Nebraska, the elementary schools have been organized around self-contained classrooms. However, during the past year, efforts have been made in the Clarmar Elementary School to change this arrangement, and capitalize upon the special abilities and interests of the teachers in the intermediate grades. For example, in a fifth grade, one of the two teachers instructed both sections of math, while the other taught English. With this background experience, the fourth and fifth grade staff members concluded that the advantages of team teaching and the self-contained classroom should be incorporated into their instructional 1976-77 school year. Toward this end, the participating staff members and the principal engaged in cooperative planning during the spring and summer. In the autumn of 1976, the team was composed of four teachers. They organized and developed their plans cooperatively and the leadership role was rotated from teacher to teacher
Alien Registration- Christiansen, Ole G. (Portland, Cumberland County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/31175/thumbnail.jp
A vertebrate crossveinless 2 homologue modulates BMP activity and neural crest cell migration
Previous work has revealed that proteins that bind to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and inhibit their signalling have a crucial role in the spatial and temporal regulation of cell differentiation and cell migration by BMPs. We have identified a chick homologue of crossveinless 2, a Drosophila gene that was identified in genetic studies as a promoter of BMP-like signalling. Chick Cv-2 has a conserved structure of five cysteine-rich repeats similar to those found in several BMP antagonists, and a C-terminal Von Willebrand type D domain. Cv-2 is expressed in the chick embryo in a number of tissues at sites at which elevated BMP signalling is required. One such site of expression is premigratory neural crest, in which at trunk levels threshold levels of BMP activity are required to initiate cell migration. We show that, when overexpressed, Cv-2 can weakly antagonise BMP4 activity in Xenopus embryos, but that in other in vitro assays Cv-2 can increase the activity of co-expressed BMP4. Furthermore, we find that increased expression of Cv-2 causes premature onset of trunk neural crest cell migration in the chick embryo, indicative of Cv-2 acting to promote BMP activity at an endogenous site of expression. We therefore propose that BMP signalling is modulated both by antagonists and by Cv-2 that acts to elevate BMP activity
The Power of Multi-Step Vizing Chains
Recent papers [Ber'2022], [GP'2020], [DHZ'2019] have addressed different
variants of the (\Delta + 1)-edge colouring problem by concatenating or gluing
together many Vizing chains to form what Bernshteyn [Ber'2022] coined
\emph{multi-step Vizing chains}.
In this paper, we propose a slightly more general definition of this term. We
then apply multi-step Vizing chain constructions to prove combinatorial
properties of edge colourings that lead to (improved) algorithms for computing
edge colouring across different models of computation. This approach seems
especially powerful for constructing augmenting subgraphs which respect some
notion of locality.
First, we construct strictly local multi-step Vizing chains and use them to
show a local version of Vizings Theorem thus confirming a recent conjecture of
Bonamy, Delcourt, Lang and Postle [BDLP'2020]. Our proof is constructive and
also implies an algorithm for computing such a colouring.
Then, we show that for any uncoloured edge there exists an augmenting
subgraph of size O(\Delta^{7}\log n), answering an open problem of Bernshteyn
[Ber'2022]. Chang, He, Li, Pettie and Uitto [CHLPU'2018] show a lower bound of
\Omega(\Delta \log \frac{n}{\Delta}) for the size of such augmenting subgraphs,
so the upper bound is tight up to \Delta and constant factors.
These ideas also extend to give a faster deterministic LOCAL algorithm for
(\Delta + 1)-edge colouring running in \tilde{O}(\poly(\Delta)\log^6 n) rounds.
These results improve the recent breakthrough result of Bernshteyn [Ber'2022],
who showed the existence of augmenting subgraphs of size O(\Delta^6\log^2 n),
and used these to give the first (\Delta + 1)-edge colouring algorithm in the
LOCAL model running in O(\poly(\Delta, \log n)) rounds. ... (see paper for the
remaining part of the abstract)Comment: 42 pages, 5 figure
Deterministic Dynamic Edge-Colouring
Given a dynamic graph with vertices and edges subject to
insertion an deletions of edges, we show how to maintain a
-edge-colouring of without the use of randomisation.
More specifically, we show a deterministic dynamic algorithm with an
amortised update time of
using colours. If , then our update time is sub-polynomial in .
While there exists randomised algorithms maintaining colourings with the same
number of colours [Christiansen STOC'23, Duan, He, Zhang SODA'19, Bhattacarya,
Costa, Panski, Solomon SODA'24] in polylogarithmic and even constant update
time, this is the first deterministic algorithm to go below the greedy
threshold of colours for all input graphs.
On the way to our main result, we show how to dynamically maintain a shallow
hierarchy of degree-splitters with both recourse and update time in .
We believe that this algorithm might be of independent interest.Comment: 53 page
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