A martingale concept for non-monotone information in a jump process framework

The classical concept of martingales and compensators bases on the monotony of filtrations. This paper looks at the situation where innovations can have an expiry date such that the information dynamics becomes non-monotone. The central idea is to focus only on those properties that martingales and compensators show on infinitesimally short intervals. Infinitesimal martingale representations are derived that extend classical martingale representations to non-monotone information. While the classical representations describe innovations only, the extended representations have an additional symmetric counterpart that quantifies the effect of information loss

Discovery of TUG-770: a highly potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist for treatment of type 2 diabetes

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1 or GPR40) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and currently attracts high interest as a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We here report the discovery of a highly potent FFA1 agonist with favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound efficiently normalizes glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice, an effect that is fully sustained after 29 days of chronic dosing

Characterization of GaN Nanorods Fabricated Using Ni Nanomasking and Reactive Ion Etching: A Top-Down Approach

Large thermal mismatch between GaN surface and sapphire results in compressive stress in Gallium Nitride (GaN) layer which degrades the device performance. Nanostructuring the GaN can reduce this stress leading to reduction in Quantum Confined Stark Effect. Aligned GaN nanorods based nanodevices have potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. This paper describes the fabrication of GaN nanorods using Ni nanomasking and reactive ion etching. The morphology of GaN nanorods was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties of GaN nanorods were studied by Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. CL results revealed the existence of characteristic band-edge luminescence and yellow band luminescence. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3099

Using Constitutional Adjudication to Remedy Socio-Economic Injustice: Comparative Lessons From South Africa

This article seeks to explore the effectiveness of constitutional protection and court adjudication of social welfare rights as tools to address and remedy social injustice and economic inequality. The focus of this examination will be on South Africa and its post-apartheid Constitution that enumerates rights and protections intended to remedy the economic injustices of the country\u27s past. This article argues that the model of adjudicating social rights in South Africa is exportable to other countries, while clarifying the reasonable expectations and potential contributions of such adjudication toward the achievement of socio-economic justice. Part I addresses two questions: first, why look to constitutional social welfare rights as a new solution when they have long existed?; second, why look to South Africa for guidance? Part II examines South Africa\u27s relevant post-apartheid jurisprudence, focusing on the novel concept of differentiated incorporation, the exportable process by which South Africa defended its adjudication against claims of the non-justiciability of socio-economic rights. Finally, Part III addresses the question of whether South African social rights provisions have served their goals

Interim Law Dean’s Welcome Message

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the Golden Gate University Race, Gender, Sexuality, & Social Justice Law Journal. There has never been a more appropriate or important time to inaugurate a journal dedicated to the law’s capacity to advance social justice than right now. And there is no better institution to inaugurate this new journal than Golden Gate University School of Law. Thank you to all our readers—now and in the years to come—who will help us move the values, principles, and ideas in this journal into communities and courtrooms in pursuit of equality and true justice

Ready For Marriage? Evaluating the Supreme Court\u27s Obergefell Arguments Like A Pro

Amateur constitutional law gurus, rejoice! Marriage equality advocates and marriage traditionalists, warm up your commenting keyboards! And, secret Supreme Court junkies, put on your “Notorious RBG” t-shirts and rehearse your favorite Justice Scalia quote! On Tuesday, the United States Supreme Court will hear two and a half hours of arguments on whether the U.S. Constitution permits states to exclude same-sex couples from the rights and responsibilities of marriage. The case, Obergefell v. Hodges, is the most eagerly anticipated case of the Court’s current term. And, unlike the last time this court faced the marriage issue, the Justices have very few options other than reaching a substantive decision that will either advance LGBT rights decisively on a national level or undo most of the courtroom victories of the last two years