Kinetics and equilibrium studies for methylene blue removal from simulated wastewater effluents using agricultural waste, Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Batch adsorption experiments have been carried out for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue from aqueous solutions by using Parthenium hystrophorous L. as biosorbent. The effect of major variables such as pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time has been investigated for the sorption of methylene blue on the low cost adsorbent. Equilibrium data were fitted in Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models and their constants are determined. The data could best be explained by Freundlich isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity (qo) of 40.79mgg-1. Kinetic modeling for methylene blue adsorption is done using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. It is found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model most appropriately described the adsorption kinetics. The result indicates that the weed biomass can effectively be used for methylene blue removal from simulated aqueous solutions

Organobentonite as an Efficient and Reusable Adsorbent for Cationic Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solution

80-86In the present study, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to modify raw bentonite (Ben) through the replacement of exchangeable cations to form CTAB modified bentonite (CTAB−Ben). Both Ben and CTAB−Ben were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis. Adsorption potential of Ben and CTAB−Ben were explored for the removal of two cationic dyes i.e. Rhodamine B (RB) and Crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. The maximum dye adsorption capacity of CTAB−Ben was found to be 93.15 and 14.76 mgg-1 for CV and RB, respectively. The adsorption data of both the adsorbents was better explained by Freundlich isotherm whereas the pseudo second order (PSO) model better fitted the kinetics data. Regeneration studies revealed that CTAB−Ben could be reused upto five adsorption-desorption cycles

Kinetics and isotherm studies for adsorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using organoclay

 The presence of dyes in various industrial effluents has emerged as a global environmental concern. The removal of dyes from effluents thus becomes essential to reduce their risks to different life forms. Keeping this in view, raw bentonite (Ben) has been modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) by cation exchange to form HDTMA modified bentonite (HDTMA-Ben). Both Ben and HDTMA-Benwere analyzed using Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Studies are conducted at room temperature to determine the behaviour of Ben and HDTMA-Ben towards the adsorptive removal of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Thermodynamics studies were carried out to assess the effect of temperature on adsorption behaviour of both the adsorbents. The experimental adsorption capacity of HDTMA-Ben at equilibrium time was found to be 93.14 mg g-1. Characterization results revealed insertion of alkylammonium chain in between the layers of bentonite. Thermodynamics data indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic and enhanced on increasing temperature. HDTMA-Ben showed higher dye removal efficiency in comparison to Ben under all conditions. The adsorption data of both the adsorbents was better explained by Freundlich isotherm whereas the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model explained the adsorption kinetics of the adsorbents.

Kinetics and isotherm studies for adsorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using organoclay

86-93The presence of dyes in various industrial effluents has emerged as a global environmental concern. The removal of dyes from effluents thus becomes essential to reduce their risks to different life forms. Keeping this in view, raw bentonite (Ben) has been modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) by cation exchange to form HDTMA modified bentonite (HDTMA-Ben). Both Ben and HDTMA-Benwere analyzed using Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Studies are conducted at room temperature to determine the behaviour of Ben and HDTMA-Ben towards the adsorptive removal of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Thermodynamics studies were carried out to assess the effect of temperature on adsorption behaviour of both the adsorbents. The experimental adsorption capacity of HDTMA-Ben at equilibrium time was found to be 93.14 mg g-1. Characterization results revealed insertion of alkylammonium chain in between the layers of bentonite. Thermodynamics data indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic and enhanced on increasing temperature. HDTMA-Ben showed higher dye removal efficiency in comparison to Ben under all conditions. The adsorption data of both the adsorbents was better explained by Freundlich isotherm whereas the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model explained the adsorption kinetics of the adsorbents

Kinetics and equilibrium studies for methylene blue removal from simulated wastewater effluents using agricultural waste, Parthenium hysterophorus L.

274-282Batch adsorption experiments have been carried out for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue from aqueous solutions by using Parthenium hystrophorous L. as biosorbent. The effect of major variables such as pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time has been investigated for the sorption of methylene blue on the low cost adsorbent. Equilibrium data were fitted in Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models and their constants are determined. The data could best be explained by Freundlich isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity (qo) of 40.79mgg-1. Kinetic modeling for methylene blue adsorption is done using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. It is found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model most appropriately described the adsorption kinetics. The result indicates that the weed biomass can effectively be used for methylene blue removal from simulated aqueous solutions

Adsorption and kinetic studies for removal of basic dyes using pillared bentonites

47-53The aim of this work is to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the influence of two pillared bentonite (PILC) viz. Iron pillared bentonite (Fe-PILC) and Aluminium Pillared bentonite (Al-PILC) on cationic dye removal. The PILCs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmer Teller (BET) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The parent clay and synthesized PILCs are used as adsorbents for Malachite Green (MG) and Chrysoidine-Y (CY) dyes. In Al-PILC, maximum dye adsorption capacities at equilibrium were 90.080 mg g-1 for MG and 76.369 mg g-1 for CY, Whereas, in Fe-PILC, it were 60.518 mg g-1 and 57.041 mg g-1 for MG and CY, respectively. Parent clay as well as the pillared clays followed Freundlich isotherm model and PSO model

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Combretum indicum and their characterization

730-734Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) facilitated by the use of an aqueous petal extract of the medicinal plant Combretum indicum (Madhumalti) as a bio-reducing agent has been performed in this work. In the absence of ammonia, the average diameter of synthesised gold nanoparticles ranged from 41nm to 79.40 nm whereas the range is 11.856 nm to 49.2 nm in the presence of ammonia. The formation of AuNPs is mediated by time that is monitored by Surface Plasmon behaviour using UV-Vis Spectroscopy at different stirring time intervals. The reaction shows a significant increase in absorbance with time with an absorbance peak in the range of 530-570 nm after one hour of stirring. Synthesis of nanoparticles is confirmed by the change of colour of auric chloride from yellow to dark brown. Synthesized AuNPs have been characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)

Beneficial impacts of goat milk on the nutritional status and general well-being of human beings: Anecdotal evidence

Goats provide an essential food supply in the form of milk and meat. Goat milk has distinct qualities, but it shares many similarities with human and bovine milk regarding its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Because of their different compositions, goat and cow milk products could have different tastes, nutrients, and medicinal effects. Modification in composition aid of goat milk determining the viability of goat milk processing methods. Comparatively, goat's milk has higher calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels than cow's or human milk but lower vitamin D, B12, and folate levels. Goat milk is safe and healthy for infants, the old, and healing ailments. Capric, caprylic, and capric acid are three fatty acids that have shown promise as potential treatments for various medical issues. Considering the benefits and drawbacks of goat milk over cow milk is essential; goat milk is more digestible, has unique alkalinity, has a better buffering capacity, and has certain medicinal benefits. Acidifying goat milk shrinks fat globules and makes protein friable (with less αs1-casein and more αs2-casein). Goat milk treats malabsorption illnesses because it has more short- and medium-chain triglycerides that give developing children energy. In wealthy countries, goat milk and its products—yoghurt, cheeses, and powdered goods—are popular with connoisseurs and persons with allergies and gastrointestinal issues who need alternative dairy products. A food product category containing fermented goat milk with live probiotic microbes appears promising nutritionally and medicinally. This article presents anecdotal evidence of the therapeutic effects of consuming goat milk for human health and its nutritional value

Potential benefits and therapeutic applications of "Panchgavya" therapy (Cowpathy) for human and animal health: Current scientific knowledge

Cow's milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd (together known as "Panchgavya") have incomparable medicinal value in Ayurveda and ancient Indian clinical methods. Panchgavya is also known as Cowpathy in Ayurveda. In India, the cow is revered as a goddess known as "Gaumata" because of its nurturing qualities similar to those of a mother. Almost no adverse effects are associated with using Panchgavya, which is why it is recommended in Ayurveda for treating disorders affecting numerous body systems. Its possible antimicrobial effects have piqued the curiosity of medical researchers and practitioners. Cow milk is widely regarded as a nutritious diet and has been shown to effectively treat various medical conditions, including high body temperature, pain, cancer, diabetes, kidney diseases, and weakness. Milk can prevent the growth of microorganisms, has erotic qualities when combined with the leaves of medicinal herbs, and the fat in milk has anticancer characteristics. Toned and skim milk, lassi, yoghurt, cottage cheese, and khoa all come from milk and have important medicinal characteristics. Curd (dahi) is recommended as a blood purifier for conditions such as hemorrhoids, piles, and gastrointestinal issues. Ghee made from cows has been shown to boost immunity. It is important to highlight the use of cow dung as an antifungal and for treating malaria and tuberculosis. It has the potential to aid in the development of a populace free from disease, the creation of sustainable energy systems, the fulfilment of all nutritional needs, the elimination of poverty, the promotion of organic farming culture, and the like. Cow urine is a powerful remedy for numerous medical conditions, including but not limited to epileptic convulsions, diabetes, hepatitis, inflammation, fever, and anaemia. The current review article explores how the Panchgavya ingredients can be employed to safeguard human and animal health