Conical scan impact study. Volume 2: Small local user data processing facility

The impact of a conical scan versus a linear scan multispectral scanner (MSS) instrument on a small local-user data processing facility was studied. User data requirements were examined to determine the unique system rquirements for a low cost ground system (LCGS) compatible with the Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) system. Candidate concepts were defined for the LCGS and preliminary designs were developed for selected concepts. The impact of a conical scan MSS versus a linear scan MSS was evaluated for the selected concepts. It was concluded that there are valid user requirements for the LCGS and, as a result of these requirements, the impact of the conical scanner is minimal, although some new hardware development for the LCGS is necessary to handle conical scan data

A study of the phase transition in the usual statistical model for nuclear multifragmentation

We use a simplified model which is based on the same physics as inherent in most statistical models for nuclear multifragmentation. The simplified model allows exact calculations for thermodynamic properties of systems of large number of particles. This enables us to study a phase transition in the model. A first order phase transition can be tracked down. There are significant differences between this phase transition and some other well-known cases

Rare isotope production in statistical multifragmentation

Producing rare isotopes through statistical multifragmentation is investigated using the Mekjian method for exact solutions of the canonical ensemble. Both the initial fragmentation and the the sequential decay are modeled in such a way as to avoid Monte Carlo and thus provide yields for arbitrarily scarce fragments. The importance of sequential decay, exact particle-number conservation and the sensitivities to parameters such as density and temperature are explored. Recent measurements of isotope ratios from the fragmentation of different Sn isotopes are interpreted within this picture.Comment: 10 eps figure

Modelling Social Structures and Hierarchies in Language Evolution

Language evolution might have preferred certain prior social configurations over others. Experiments conducted with models of different social structures (varying subgroup interactions and the role of a dominant interlocutor) suggest that having isolated agent groups rather than an interconnected agent is more advantageous for the emergence of a social communication system. Distinctive groups that are closely connected by communication yield systems less like natural language than fully isolated groups inhabiting the same world. Furthermore, the addition of a dominant male who is asymmetrically favoured as a hearer, and equally likely to be a speaker has no positive influence on the disjoint groups.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. In proceedings of AI-2010, The Thirtieth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, England, UK, 14-16 December 201

Studies in the statistical and thermal properties of hadronic matter under some extreme conditions

The thermal and statistical properties of hadronic matter under some extreme conditions are investigated using an exactly solvable canonical ensemble model. A unified model describing both the fragmentation of nuclei and the thermal properties of hadronic matter is developed. Simple expressions are obtained for quantities such as the hadronic equation of state, specific heat, compressibility, entropy, and excitation energy as a function of temperature and density. These expressions encompass the fermionic aspect of nucleons, such as degeneracy pressure and Fermi energy at low temperatures and the ideal gas laws at high temperatures and low density. Expressions are developed which connect these two extremes with behavior that resembles an ideal Bose gas with its associated Bose condensation. In the thermodynamic limit, an infinite cluster exists below a certain critical condition in a manner similar to the sudden appearance of the infinite cluster in percolation theory. The importance of multiplicity fluctuations is discussed and some recent data from the EOS collaboration on critical point behavior of nuclei can be accounted for using simple expressions obtained from the model.Comment: 22 pages, revtex, includes 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Cross-link governed dynamics of biopolymer networks

Cytoskeletal networks of biopolymers are cross-linked by a variety of proteins. Experiments have shown that dynamic cross-linking with physiological linker proteins leads to complex stress relaxation and enables network flow at long times. We present a model for the mechanical properties of transient networks. By a combination of simulations and analytical techniques we show that a single microscopic timescale for cross-linker unbinding leads to a broad spectrum of macroscopic relaxation times, resulting in a weak power-law dependence of the shear modulus on frequency. By performing rheological experiments, we demonstrate that our model quantitatively describes the frequency behavior of actin network cross-linked with $\alpha$-Actinin-$4$ over four decades in frequency.Comment: 4 page

Preliminary report on infrared radiometric measurements from the Mariner 9 spacecraft

Preliminary 10- and 20-μm brightness temperatures of Mars are presented. More than 35% of the Martian surface was observed with a resolution better than 100 km. On the whole, the results confirm the thermal properties derived from the Mariner 6 and 7 radiometers, although the temperatures, on the average, were cooler and shifted with respect to the Martian day during the dust storm. Thermal inertias and radiometric albedos were derived for many areas; no clear correlation exists between these properties. Thermal structure again was found at the spatial limit of the radiometer; no cases were found in which it was necessary to invoke internal heat sources

Randomly Broken Nuclei and Disordered Systems

Similarities between models of fragmenting nuclei and disordered systems in condensed matter suggest corresponding methods. Several theoretical models of fragmentation investigated in this fashion show marked differences, indicating possible new methods for distinguishing models using yield data. Applying nuclear methods to disordered systems also yields interesting results.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Mariner 1969 Infrared Radiometer Results: Temperatures and Thermal Properties of the Martian Surface

The reduced data of the Mariner 6 and 7 Infrared Radiometer Experiments are presented, along with a discussion of the reduction and calibration procedures. Evidence is presented showing that the surface of Mars is strongly nonhomogeneous in its thermal properties, on scales ranging from those of the classical light and dark areas to the limit of resolution of the radiometers. On the sunlit side, the mean thermal inertia, for admissible bolometric albedos, is 0.006 (cal cm^(-2) sec^(-1/2) °K^(-1)). The dark areas Syrtis Major and Mare Tyrrhenum, observed at night, require thermal inertias as high as 0.010. The temperatures measured over the circular basin Hellas require a bolometric albedo of 0.40 and also a high thermal inertia. The temperature measured over the south polar cap, 148° K, provides evidence that the major constituent of the frost deposit is CO_2

Livestock judging for beginners

24 pages; includes photographs and drawings. This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu