BOTTOM-UP ONTOLOGY CREATION WITH A DIRECT INSTANCE INPUT INTERFACE

In general an ontology is created by following a top-down, or so called genus-species approach, where the species are differentiated from the genus and from each other by means of differentiae [8]. The superconcept is the genus, every subconcept is a species, and the differentiae correspond to roles. To complete it a user organizes data into a proper structure, accompanied with the instances in that domain in order to complete the construction of an ontology. It is a concept learning procedure in a school, for example. Students first learn the general knowledge and apply it to their exercise and homework for practice. After they are more familiar with the knowledge, they can use what they have learned to solve the problems in their daily life. The deductive learning approach is based on the fundamental knowledge that a student has acquired already. By contrast, a more intuitive way of learning is the bottom-up approach, which is based on atomism. That is also a frequently used way for humans to acquire knowledge. From sensing the world by vision, hearing, and touching, people learn information about actual objects, i.e., instances, in the world. After an instance has been collected, a relationship between it and existing knowledge will be created and an ontology will be formed automatically. The primary goal of this thesis is to make a better instance input interface for the ontology development tool Protégé to simplify the procedure of ontology construction. The second goal is to show the feasibility of a bottom-up approach for the building of an ontology. Without setting up the organization of classes and properties (slots) first, a user simply inputs all the information from an instance and the program will form an ontology automatically. It means after an instance has been entered, the system will find a proper location inside of the ontology to store it

Surface Electromagnetic Wave Field Strength Measurements On Railroad Tracks

This paper reports an experimental investigation of surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) energy distribution on railroad tracks. Radial field distribution of SEW on 112-lb/yd rails were examined utilizing a dipole diode detector. Laboratory and on-site measurements were made. The field strength distribution data at frequencies 3.000, 6.000, and 9.733 GHz show that the main part of the SEW TE mode energy (almost 90 percent) is on the head of the rail. Use of dielectric augmentation on the side of rails resulted in lower attenuation of the propagating SEW. Thick dielectric strip augmentation data shows enhancement of SEW propagation in agreement with McAulay. The intertrack coupling and the characteristic frequency response versus field strength at varied distances from the source were also examined. These data indicate propagation distances of more than 2000 m are possible using dielectric augmentation. Copyright © 1980 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

Modified group divisible designs with block size four

AbstractThe existence of modified group divisible designs with block size four is settled with a handful of possible exceptions

Linear optical implementation of a single mode quantum filter and generation of multi-photon polarization entangled state

We propose a scheme to implement a single-mode quantum filter, which selectively eliminates the one-photon state in a quantum state $\alpha|0>+\beta|1>+\gamma|2>$. The vacuum state and the two photon state are transmitted without any change. This scheme requires single-photon sources, linear optical elements and photon detectors. Furthermore we demonstrate, how this filter can be used to realize a two-qubit projective measurement and to generate multi-photon polarization entangled states.Comment: revision submitted to PR

Curricular renewal at the southern tip of Africa : the ‘2016’ veterinary curriculum at the University of Pretoria

Four years after the institution of a new curriculum at the University of Pretoria's Faculty of Veterinary Science, a second major curricular renewal was initiated as a result of several pressing drivers, many of which were unique to the national and institutional context. During the project, South African higher education was disrupted by student protests prompted by financial pressures on students, the overt colonial structure of higher education, and the need to accelerate transformation of the sector. A structured curricular renewal process was followed, including the laying down of the principles, the structuring the macro-curriculum as a story, the design of a meso- and micro-curriculum, and the mapping of the curriculum to Day One outcomes. The resulting program is a 6-year bachelor's degree with a blend of discipline and species modules, with the first cohort graduating in 2016. There is a strong focus on skills embodied in a 62-week experiential component, managed using a unique custom-designed online platform for booking placements, documenting exposure, assessing competency, and providing feedback to students. The experiential training includes a large elective component. Several causes of loss of impetus during the process are discussed and proposals are made for avoiding these. The value of accreditation as a driver and a source of inputs is evident. The process has succeeded in producing a significantly reshaped curriculum that has been well received by external stakeholders.http://jvme.utpjournals.press/loi/jvme2018-09-06hj2017Production Animal Studie

Nonfactorizable contributions to B→D(∗)MB \to D^{(*)} M decays

While the factorization assumption works well for many two-body nonleptonic $B$ meson decay modes, the recent measurement of $\bar B\to D^{(*)0}M^0$ with $M=\pi$, $\rho$ and $\omega$ shows large deviation from this assumption. We analyze the $B\to D^{(*)}M$ decays in the perturbative QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization theorem, in which both factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions can be calculated in the same framework. Our predictions for the Bauer-Stech-Wirbel parameters, $|a_2/a_1|= 0.43\pm 0.04$ and $Arg(a_2/a_1)\sim -42^\circ$ and $|a_2/a_1|= 0.47\pm 0.05$ and $Arg(a_2/a_1)\sim -41^\circ$, are consistent with the observed $B\to D\pi$ and $B\to D^*\pi$ branching ratios, respectively. It is found that the large magnitude $|a_2|$ and the large relative phase between $a_2$ and $a_1$ come from color-suppressed nonfactorizable amplitudes. Our predictions for the ${\bar B}^0\to D^{(*)0}\rho^0$, $D^{(*)0}\omega$ branching ratios can be confronted with future experimental data.Comment: 25 pages with Latex, axodraw.sty, 6 figures and 5 tables, Version published in PRD, Added new section 5 and reference

The Parity Bit in Quantum Cryptography

An $n$-bit string is encoded as a sequence of non-orthogonal quantum states. The parity bit of that $n$-bit string is described by one of two density matrices, $\rho_0^{(n)}$ and $\rho_1^{(n)}$, both in a Hilbert space of dimension $2^n$. In order to derive the parity bit the receiver must distinguish between the two density matrices, e.g., in terms of optimal mutual information. In this paper we find the measurement which provides the optimal mutual information about the parity bit and calculate that information. We prove that this information decreases exponentially with the length of the string in the case where the single bit states are almost fully overlapping. We believe this result will be useful in proving the ultimate security of quantum crytography in the presence of noise.Comment: 19 pages, RevTe