2,526 research outputs found
Latent User Intent Modeling for Sequential Recommenders
Sequential recommender models are essential components of modern industrial
recommender systems. These models learn to predict the next items a user is
likely to interact with based on his/her interaction history on the platform.
Most sequential recommenders however lack a higher-level understanding of user
intents, which often drive user behaviors online. Intent modeling is thus
critical for understanding users and optimizing long-term user experience. We
propose a probabilistic modeling approach and formulate user intent as latent
variables, which are inferred based on user behavior signals using variational
autoencoders (VAE). The recommendation policy is then adjusted accordingly
given the inferred user intent. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the latent
user intent modeling via offline analyses as well as live experiments on a
large-scale industrial recommendation platform.Comment: The Web Conference 2023, Industry Trac
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the postnatal developing primate brain transcriptome.
Developmental changes in the temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression drive the emergence of normal mature brain function, while disruptions in these processes underlie many neurodevelopmental abnormalities. To solidify our foundational knowledge of such changes in a primate brain with an extended period of postnatal maturation like in human, we investigated the whole-genome transcriptional profiles of rhesus monkey brains from birth to adulthood. We found that gene expression dynamics are largest from birth through infancy, after which gene expression profiles transition to a relatively stable state by young adulthood. Biological pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes more highly expressed at birth are associated with cell adhesion and neuron differentiation, while genes more highly expressed in juveniles and adults are associated with cell death. Neocortex showed significantly greater differential expression over time than subcortical structures, and this trend likely reflects the protracted postnatal development of the cortex. Using network analysis, we identified 27 co-expression modules containing genes with highly correlated expression patterns that are associated with specific brain regions, ages or both. In particular, one module with high expression in neonatal cortex and striatum that decreases during infancy and juvenile development was significantly enriched for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related genes. This network was enriched for genes associated with axon guidance and interneuron differentiation, consistent with a disruption in the formation of functional cortical circuitry in ASD
Phase Separation and Magnetic Order in K-doped Iron Selenide Superconductor
Alkali-doped iron selenide is the latest member of high Tc superconductor
family, and its peculiar characters have immediately attracted extensive
attention. We prepared high-quality potassium-doped iron selenide (KxFe2-ySe2)
thin films by molecular beam epitaxy and unambiguously demonstrated the
existence of phase separation, which is currently under debate, in this
material using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The
stoichiometric superconducting phase KFe2Se2 contains no iron vacancies, while
the insulating phase has a \surd5\times\surd5 vacancy order. The iron vacancies
are shown always destructive to superconductivity in KFe2Se2. Our study on the
subgap bound states induced by the iron vacancies further reveals a
magnetically-related bipartite order in the superconducting phase. These
findings not only solve the existing controversies in the atomic and electronic
structures in KxFe2-ySe2, but also provide valuable information on
understanding the superconductivity and its interplay with magnetism in
iron-based superconductors
Testing the theory of immune selection in cancers that break the rules of transplantation
Modification of cancer cells likely to reduce their immunogenicity, including loss or down-regulation of MHC molecules, is now well documented and has become the main support for the concept of immune surveillance. The evidence that these modifications, in fact, result from selection by the immune system is less clear, since the possibility that they may result from reorganized metabolism associated with proliferation or from cell de-differentiation remains. Here, we (a) survey old and new transplantation experiments that test the possibility of selection and (b) survey how transmissible tumours of dogs and Tasmanian devils provide naturally evolved tests of immune surveillance
Critical change in the Fermi surface of iron arsenic superconductors at the onset of superconductivity
The phase diagram of a correlated material is the result of a complex
interplay between several degrees of freedom, providing a map of the material's
behavior. One can understand (and ultimately control) the material's ground
state by associating features and regions of the phase diagram, with specific
physical events or underlying quantum mechanical properties. The phase diagram
of the newly discovered iron arsenic high temperature superconductors is
particularly rich and interesting. In the AE(Fe1-xTx)2As2 class (AE being Ca,
Sr, Ba, T being transition metals), the simultaneous structural/magnetic phase
transition that occurs at elevated temperature in the undoped material, splits
and is suppressed by carrier doping, the suppression being complete around
optimal doping. A dome of superconductivity exists with apparent equal ease in
the orthorhombic / antiferromagnetic (AFM) state as well as in the tetragonal
state with no long range magnetic order. The question then is what determines
the critical doping at which superconductivity emerges, if the AFM order is
fully suppressed only at higher doping values. Here we report evidence from
angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) that critical changes in the
Fermi surface (FS) occur at the doping level that marks the onset of
superconductivity. The presence of the AFM order leads to a reconstruction of
the electronic structure, most significantly the appearance of the small hole
pockets at the Fermi level. These hole pockets vanish, i. e. undergo a Lifshitz
transition, at the onset of superconductivity. Superconductivity and magnetism
are competing states in the iron arsenic superconductors. In the presence of
the hole pockets superconductivity is fully suppressed, while in their absence
the two states can coexist.Comment: Updated version accepted in Nature Physic
Methylglyoxal Mediates Adipocyte Proliferation by Increasing Phosphorylation of Akt1
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive metabolite physiologically presented in all biological systems. The effects of MG on diabetes and hypertension have been long recognized. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of MG in obesity, one of the most important factors to cause metabolic syndrome. An increased MG accumulation was observed in the adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats. Cell proliferation assay showed that 5–20 µM of MG stimulated the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells. Further study suggested that accumulated-MG stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt1 and its targets including p21 and p27. The activated Akt1 then increased the activity of CDK2 and accelerated the cell cycle progression of 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of MG were efficiently reversed by advanced glycation end product (AGE) breaker alagebrium and Akt inhibitor SH-6. In summary, our study revealed a previously unrecognized effect of MG in stimulating adipogenesis by up-regulation of Akt signaling pathway and this mechanism might offer a new approach to explain the development of obesity
Serum calcitonin negative Medullary thyroid carcinoma
BACKGROUND: Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) constitute about 5 to 7 % of thyroid neoplasms. They originate from parafollicular C cells which produce Calcitonin, a hormone which has an impact on calcium metabolism and represents the biochemical activity of MTC. In rare cases pre-operative serum calcitonin can be negative. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a 73-year-old female patient with a rare case of a serum calcitonin negative medullary thyroid carcinoma who suffered fulminant post-operative course and died of multiple metastasis. CONCLUSION: This case shows that in very rare cases MTCs do not secrete calcitonin making diagnosis and tumour follow-up difficult. To this date, only few reports describing this combination of circumstances were found in the English literature
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