Impact of skeletal-related events on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed androgen deprivation therapy

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Adolescent and adult first time mothers' health seeking practices during pregnancy and early motherhood in Wakiso district, central Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Maternal health services have a potentially critical role in the improvement of reproductive health. In order to get a better understanding of adolescent mothers'needs we compared health seeking practices of first time adolescent and adult mothers during pregnancy and early motherhood in Wakiso district, Uganda.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted between May and August, 2007 in Wakiso district. A total of 762 women (442 adolescents and 320 adult) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. We calculated odds ratios with their 95% CI for antenatal and postnatal health care seeking, stigmatisation and violence experienced from parents comparing adolescents to adult first time mothers. STATA V.8 was used for data analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Adolescent mothers were significantly more disadvantaged in terms of health care seeking for reproductive health services and faced more challenges during pregnancy and early motherhood compared to adult mothers. Adolescent mothers were more likely to have dropped out of school due to pregnancy (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.40–5.44), less likely to earn a salary (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.24–0.76), and more likely to attend antenatal care visits less than four times compared to adult mothers (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.12–2.07). Adolescents were also more likely to experience violence from parents (OR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.39–3.08) and to be stigmatized by the community (CI = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.09–2.59). In early motherhood, adolescent mothers were less likely to seek for second and third vaccine doses for their infants [Polio2 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.98), Polio3 (OR = 0.70: 95% CI: 0.51–0.95), DPT2 (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.96), DPT3 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.92)] compared to adult mothers. These results are compelling and call for urgent adolescent focused interventions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adolescents showed poorer health care seeking behaviour for themselves and their children, and experienced increased community stigmatization and violence, suggesting bigger challenges to the adolescent mothers in terms of social support. Adolescent friendly interventions such as pregnancy groups targeting to empower pregnant adolescents providing information on pregnancy, delivery and early childhood care need to be introduced and implemented.</p

Do ethnobotanical and laboratory data predict clinical safety and efficacy of anti-malarial plants?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Over 1200 plant species are reported in ethnobotanical studies for the treatment of malaria and fevers, so it is important to prioritize plants for further development of anti-malarials.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The “RITAM score” was designed to combine information from systematic literature searches of published ethnobotanical studies and laboratory pharmacological studies of efficacy and safety, in order to prioritize plants for further research. It was evaluated by correlating it with the results of clinical trials.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>The laboratory efficacy score correlated with clinical parasite clearance (r_s=0.7). The ethnobotanical component correlated weakly with clinical symptom clearance but not with parasite clearance. The safety component was difficult to validate as all plants entering clinical trials were generally considered safe, so there was no clinical data on toxic plants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The RITAM score (especially the efficacy and safety components) can be used as part of the selection process for prioritising plants for further research as anti-malarial drug candidates. The validation in this study was limited by the very small number of available clinical studies, and the heterogeneity of patients included.</p

Association of time to prostate-specific antigen nadir and logarithm of prostate-specific antigen velocity after progression in metastatic prostate cancer with prior primary androgen deprivation therapy

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Pathological outcomes of Hong Kong Chinese patients with low risk prostate cancer eligible for active surveillance undergoing radical prostatectomy: comparison of six different protocols

Oral PresentationObjective: To study the outcomes of local Chinese patients eligible for active surveillance (AS) undergoing radical prostatectomy using different AS protocols. Patients & Methods: From 1998 to 2012, 287 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Their pathological data were reviewed. Six different AS protocols were applied to the cohort with patients stratified in six different manners. Comparative analyses of the probabilities of missing unfavorable pathological outcomes were compared. Results: Extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, pathological T3 disease and upgrade of Gleason's score were present in 3.3%–17.2%, 1.6–3.4%, 3.3–19.2% and 20.6–34.5% respectively in the protocols. Protocol that considers PSA and Gleason score only had significantly higher rates of missing extracapsular extension and upgrading of pathological T stage. Conclusion: AS protocol based on PSA and Gleason's score alone may miss higher risk disease. Before widespread use of the various AS protocols, careful analysis of their performance in the local population is advised to minimize rate of missing unfavorable diseases

Comparative analysis of three risk assessment models for prostate cancer in the Hong Kong Chinese population

Oral PresentationObjective: To compare the performance of the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score, Kattan and Stephenson nomograms in a local Chinese population. Patients & Methods: A total of 287 men from Queen Mary and Tung Wah Hospitals underwent radical prostatectomy from 1998 to 2012 for prostate cancer. Their CAPRA, Kattan and Stephenson scores were calculated by retrospective analysis. Performance of the 3 tests was evaluated using Harrell's concordance index, calibration curves plots, and decision analysis curves construction. Results: Concordance indices for all three models were favorable in the local Chinese male population. The Stephenson nomogram had the best calibration plot in predicting biochemical free recurrence probability and displayed a better performance across various threshold probabilities in the decision curve analysis. Conclusion: All three tools showed good discriminatory power with regards to the patients’ risk of biochemical recurrence with favorable concordance indices. Careful use of these assessment tools should guide the treatment options of prostate cancer

Analysis of three pre-operative risk assessment tools for prostate cancer in a local Chinese cohort undergoing radical prostatectomy

Abstract and Poster PresentationConference Theme: Urological Advancement in AsiaThis free journal suppl. entitled: Special Issue: 14th Urological Association of Asia Congress 2016 SingaporeOBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of the CAPRA score, Kattan nomogram and Stephenson nomogram in a local Chinese cohort of patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. METHODS: This is a review of a prospective cohort of men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. CAPRA score, Kattan score and Stephenson score were calculated by analysis of variables for predicting biochemical recurrence. Biochemical recurrence was defined as PSA more than 0.2 ng/mL or secondary treatment for a rising PSA. Performance of the three risk assessment tools was evaluated using Harrell’s concordance index, plotting calibration curves, and constructing decision analysis curves. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-seven men who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1998 to 2012 were recruited. Concordance index for the three assessment tools were high (0.69 for CAPRA score, 0.71 for Kattan score, 0.73 for Stephenson score). The Stephenson score had the best calibration plot in predicting biochemical free recurrence probability. The Stephenson score also had a better performance across various threshold probability in the decision curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: All three assessment tools were validated in our local Chinese cohort. Stephenson score had the best performance in predicting biochemical free recurrence probability and in the decision curve analysis.link_to_OA_fulltex

A prospective review of outcomes of metallic ureteric stents

Abstract and Oral Presentation: Oral (Free Paper) Session III: Andrology / Stone & Infection / Stents: abstract no. OP.3-