Replacement of Maize/Soybean Meal Concentrate by High Moisture Maize Grain Plus Wholeseed Soybean Silage for Cattle

Ensiling high moisture maize grain with wholeseed soybean can increase quality of silage, mainly in relation to protein and energy (Jobim et al., 2002) working as concentrate. This fact contributes to reduced use of concentrate and costs for milk and beef production, and costs related to grain storage on the farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of high moisture maize grain plus wholeseed soybean silage through partial and total digestibility in cattle

Depression as a determinant of frailty in late life

Objectives Accumulating evidence shows depression as a risk factor for frailty, but studies are mainly population-based and widely differ in their assessment of either depression or frailty. We investigated the association between depression and frailty among geriatric outpatients using different assessment instruments for both conditions. Method Among 315 geriatric outpatients (mean age 72.1 years, 68.3% female sex) participating the MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort study, major and subthreshold depression were measured with psychiatric diagnostic interview according to DSM-5 criteria (SCID-5) as well as with instruments to screen and measure severity of depressive symptoms (GDS-15 and PHQ-9). Frailty was assessed according to a screening instrument (FRAIL-BR) and a multidimensional Frailty Index (FI-36 items). Multiple logistic and linear regression were performed to assess the association between depression (independent variable) and frailty (dependent variable) adjusted for confounders. Results Frailty prevalence in patients with no, subthreshold or major depressive disorder increases from either 14.5%, 46.5% to 65.1% when using the FRAIL-BR questionnaire, and from 10.2%, 20.9%, to 30.2% when using the FI-36 index. These association remain nearly the same when adjusted for covariates. Both the FRAIL-BR and the FI-36 were strongly associated with major depressive disorder, subthreshold depression, and depressive symptoms by PHQ-9 and GDS-15. Conclusion Late life depression and frailty are associated in a dose-dependent manner, irrespective of the used definitions. Nonetheless, to avoid residual confounding, future research on underlying biological mechanisms should preferably be based on formal psychiatric diagnoses and objectively assessment frailty status

Yield of tifton 85 grass under irrigation and nitrogen doses

O trabalho foi conduzido em uma propriedade de atividade leiteirana município de Xambrê, região Noroeste do Paraná, no período de março de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012 com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e a composição botânica do capim Tifton 85 com e sem irrigação sob doses de nitrogênio. As parcelas experimentais foram implantadas com delineamento de blocos ao acaso com e sem irrigação e as subparcelas por meio de quatro doses de nitrogênio: 0, 20, 40 e 60 kg ha-1 ciclo de pastejo-1, com quatro repetições. A produtividade em matéria seca (MS) foi maior sob irrigaçãocrescendo de forma linear à adubação nitrogenada. Na dose de 60 kg N ha-1 foram obtidas produtividades iguais a 39279 e 27826 kg MS ha-1, com e sem irrigação, respectivamente. A relação folha colmo não foi afetada pela irrigação. A média geral do percentual de material morto com e sem irrigação, foi igual a 13 e 17%, respectivamente194317323The study was conducted on a dairy farm in the municipality of Xambre, Northwest region of Parana, in the period from March 2011 to February 2012 to evaluate the yield and botanical composition of Tifton 85 with and without irrigation under nitrogen doses. The experimental plots were implanted in completely randomized blocks with and without irrigation and subplots through four nitrogen levels: 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha(-1) per grazing cycle, with four replications. The yield in dry matter (DM) was higher under irrigation, responding linearly to increasing nitrogen fertilization. At a dose of 60 kg N ha(-1) yields of 39279 and 27826 kg DM ha(-1) were obtained, with and without irrigation, respectively. The leaf stem ratio was not affected by irrigation. The overall mean percentage of dead material with and without irrigation was equal to 13 and 17%, respectivel

Longitudinal Association between Late-Life Depression (LLD) and Frailty:Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study (MiMiCS-FRAIL)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether late-life depression (LLD) is associated with incident frailty over time. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, one-year follow-up. SETTING: Geriatric outpatient clinic, Southwestern of Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 181 follow-up participants aged 60 years or over. MEASUREMENTS: Depressive disorders were classified as Major Depressive disorder (MDD) or Subthreshold Depression (STD) according to DSM-5 criteria. Depressive symptoms were assessed with validated versions of 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We performed binary logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for frailty in LLD adjusting for multiple confounders. Participants who were frail at baseline were excluded from the analyses according to measures of frailty (FRAIL questionnaire and 36-item Frailty Index, FI-36). We also estimated the risk ratio or relative risk (RR) and the risk difference (RD) for incident frailty. RESULTS: We observed a 2 to 4-fold increased risk for incident frailty among participants with LLD. The presence of a depressive disorder was significantly associated with the onset of frailty (adjusted OR for FRAIL and FI-36: 3.07 [95% CI = 1.03 - 9.17] and 3.76 [95% CI = 1.09 - 12.97], respectively. Notably, the risk for frailty due to LLD was significantly higher with the FI-36 compared to the FRAIL (RR: 3.03 versus 2.23). RD was of 17.3% and 12.7% with the FRAIL and the FI-36, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data support the association between LLD and incident frailty over one year among geriatric outpatients, reinforcing longitudinal evidence from population-based studies