Experimental infection of dogs (Canis familiaris) with sporulated oocysts of Neospora caninum

Neospora caninum is widely distributed in the world and this parasite is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle. Dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of N. caninum and several species of domestic and wild animals are intermediate hosts. Dogs can become infected by the ingestion of tissues containing cysts and then excrete oocysts. It is not yet known whether sporulated oocysts are able to induce a patent infection in dogs, i.e. a shedding of N. caninum oocysts in feces. The objective of this study was to experimentally examine the infection of dogs by sporulated oocysts. The oocysts used in the experiment were obtained by feeding dogs with brain of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT >= 200). Oocysts shed by these dogs were confirmed to be N. caninum by molecular methods and by bioassay in gerbils, and sporulated N. caninum oocysts were used for the oral infection of four dogs. The dogs were 8 weeks old and negative for antibodies to N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Dogs 1 and 4 received an inoculum of 10,000 sporulated oocysts each; dog 2 an inoculum of 5000 sporulated oocysts and dog 3 received 1000 sporulated oocysts of N. caninum. The total feces excreted by these dogs were collected and examined daily for a period of 30 days. No oocysts were found in their feces. The dogs were monitored monthly for a 6-month period to observe a possible seroconversion and when this occurred the animals were eliminated from the experiment. Dogs 1 and 4 seroconverted 1 month after the infection with titer, in the IFAT, of 1600 and 800, respectively; the other two dogs presented no seroconvertion during the 6-month period. Dogs 1 and 2 were euthanized 180 days after infection and were examined for the detection of N. caninum in tissues (brain, muscle, lymph node, liver, lung, heart and bone marrow) by immunohistochemistry and PCR with negative results in both techniques. Bioassay in gerbils with brain of these dogs was also performed and again the results were negative. In conclusion, dogs infected with sporulated oocysts of N. caninum were not able to shed oocysts in feces. However, a higher dose of infection stimulated the production of antibodies against N. caninum in the dogs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.National Council of Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, Brazilresearch productivity scholarshi

Anti-Leptospira spp and anti-Brucella spp antibodies in humans from rural area of Monte Negro municipality, state of Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon Anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp e anti-Brucella spp em humanos da área rural do município de Monte Negro, estado de Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

Sera from 276 humans living in 71 farms located in Monte Negro Municipality, RO., Western Amazon, Brazil were examined for anti-Leptospira spp antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test and for anti-Brucella spp antibodies by Tube Agglutination Test. Leptospira spp antibodies were detected in 28 (10.2%) of them with at least one positive case in 23 farms (32.4%). The most frequent leptospira serovars were Patoc (46.7%), Autumnalis (10.0%) and Shermani (10.0%). The proportion of positive males (14.5%) were higher than females (5.0%; P <0.05) and the contact with river water presented association with Leptospira spp infection (OR: 27; P=0.01). A total of 04 (1.4%) humans reacted against Brucella antigens; three farms (4.2%) presented at least one positive case of brucellosis.<br>Foram avaliados soros de 276 humanos procedentes de 71 fazendas localizadas no município de Monte Negro, RO, pela Soroaglutinação Microscópica para verificar a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp e pela Soroaglutinação Lenta em Tubos para verificar a presença de anticorpos anti-Brucella spp. Anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp foram detectados em 28 (10,2%) humanos procedentes de 23 fazendas (32,4%). Os sorovares mais freqüentes foram Patoc (46,7%), Autumnalis (10,0%) e Shermani (10,0%). A positividade foi maior no sexo masculino (14,5%) que no feminino (5,0%; P < 0,05) e o contato com a água de rio apresentou associação com a infecção por Leptospira spp (OR: 27; P < 0,05). Quatro humanos (1,4%) reagiram contra antígenos de Brucella spp, com três (4,2%) fazendas apresentando pelo menos uma reação positiva para Brucella spp

Seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in rural dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazil Soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães rurais do município de Monte Negro, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil

The present study assessed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazil. ELISA (NE > 3) and IFAT (>1:40) were used to evaluate 161 serum samples collected from rural dogs from Monte Negro. Forty-five (27.9%) dogs were positive by ELISA tests and five (3.1%) were positive by IFAT. The present study showed for the first time the frequency of exposure to Leishmania spp. in dogs in the State of Rondônia, Amazon Region.<br>O presente estudo determinou a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães do município de Monte Negro, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Foram utilizados os testes de ELISA (NE > 3) e RIFI (>1:40) para avaliar 161 amostras de soro de cães da zona rural do município. Quarenta e cinco cães (27,9%) reagiram no teste de ELISA e cinco (3,1%) na RIFI. O presente estudo demonstra pela primeira vez a freqüência de exposição por Leishmania spp. em cães de Rondônia, Região Amazônica

Seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in rural dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazil

O presente estudo determinou a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães do município de Monte Negro, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Foram utilizados os testes de ELISA (NE > 3) e RIFI (>1:40) para avaliar 161 amostras de soro de cães da zona rural do município. Quarenta e cinco cães (27,9%) reagiram no teste de ELISA e cinco (3,1%) na RIFI. O presente estudo demonstra pela primeira vez a freqüência de exposição por Leishmania spp. em cães de Rondônia, Região Amazônica.The present study assessed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazil. ELISA (NE > 3) and IFAT (>1:40) were used to evaluate 161 serum samples collected from rural dogs from Monte Negro. Forty-five (27.9%) dogs were positive by ELISA tests and five (3.1%) were positive by IFAT. The present study showed for the first time the frequency of exposure to Leishmania spp. in dogs in the State of Rondônia, Amazon Region.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in cattle from Monte Negro municipality, western Amazon

The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp antibodies was investigated in 2,109 female cattle from 86 herds of Monte Negro municipality, Rondônia, Brazil. Sera samples were evaluated by Microscopic Agglutination Test against 24 leptospira serovars. Titers =100 for at least one of 24 leptospira serovars were detected in 1,114 cows (52.8%) from 82 (95.3%) herds. The adjusted overall prevalence for Monte Negro municipality was 53.9% (49-58.7%; CI: 95%). The most prevalent serovars were Hardjo (14.5%), Wolffi (12.3%), Shermani (10.8%), Patoc (7.9%), and Hebdomadis (6.1%). Other serovars worldwidely reported like Bratislava, Pomona and Grippotyphosa were detected in low levels

Seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in rural dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondonia, Brazil

The present study assessed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondonia, Brazil ELISA (NE >= 3) and IFAT (>= 1 40) were used to evaluate 161 serum samples collected from rural dogs from Monte Negro Forty-five (27 9%) dogs were positive by ELISA tests and five (3 1%) were positive by IFAT The present study showed for the first time the frequency of exposure to Leishmania spp in dogs in the State of Rondonia, Amazon RegionConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq