Association between statins and the risk of suicide attempt, depression, anxiety, and seizure: A population-based, self-controlled case series study

Background: Risk of suicide attempt, depression, anxiety and seizure and the association with statins is an ongoing debate. We aim to investigate the association between statins and the above neuropsychological outcomes, in specific pre- and post-exposure time windows./ Methods: We identified patients aged 40–75 years old who were dispensed a statin between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2012 from the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis & Reporting System (CDARS), an electronic medical records database. Patients with new onset of suicide attempt, depression, anxiety and seizure were derived from the original dataset separately, in a self-controlled case series study design. A non-parametric spline-based self-controlled case series model was built to measure continuous changes of risk./ Results: We identified 396,614 statin users. The risk of each outcome was elevated prior to statin initiation with incidence rate ratios of 1.38 (95 % CI, 1.09–1.74) for suicide attempt, 1.29 (95 % CI, 1.15–1.45) for depression, 1.35 (95 % CI, 1.19–1.53) for anxiety, and 1.45 (95 % CI, 1.21–1.73) for seizure. The incidence rate ratios remained elevated after the initiation of statins during the first 90 and 91–365 days after statin prescription and decreased to the baseline level after 1 year of continuous prescription./ Limitations: CDARS includes prescription data but not adherence data, which could lead to misclassification of exposure periods./ Conclusions: Our study does not support a direct association between statin use and suicide attempt, depression, anxiety and seizure, whose risks could be explained by cardiovascular events, for which statins were prescribed

Performance of 'Oneco' mandarin on six rootstocks in South Brazil

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of six rootstocks on yield, fruit quality, and growth of 'Oneco' mandarin during the first seven harvesting seasons, in Butiá, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The rootstocks evaluated were: 'Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), 'Caipira' orange (C. sinensis), 'Troyer' citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), 'Rangpur' lime (C. limonia), 'Volkamer' lemon (C. volkameriana), and 'Flying Dragon' trifoliata orange (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa). Plants budded onto 'Flying Dragon' had the lowest vegetative development, which indicates the dwarfing characteristics of this rootstock, and had the highest mean production efficiency, despite low yield. Plants grafted on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Rangpur' lime had the highest alternate bearing. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, the most adequate rootstocks for mandarin 'Oneco' are 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'Troyer' citrange, regarding fruit yield and quality