10 research outputs found
Dark energy from conformal symmetry breaking
The breakdown of conformal symmetry in a conformally invariant scalar-tensor
gravitational model is revisited in the cosmological context. Although the old
scenario of conformal symmetry breaking in cosmology containing scalar field
has already been used in many earlier works, it seems that no special attention
has been paid for the investigation on the possible connection between the
breakdown of conformal symmetry and the existence of dark energy. In this
paper, it is shown that the old scenario of conformal symmetry breaking in
cosmology, if properly interpreted, not only has a potential ability to
describe the origin of dark energy as a symmetry breaking effect, but also may
resolve the coincidence problem.Comment: 11 pages, minor revision, published online in EPJ
Observational Constraints on Chaplygin Quartessence: Background Results
We derive the constraints set by several experiments on the quartessence
Chaplygin model (QCM). In this scenario, a single fluid component drives the
Universe from a nonrelativistic matter-dominated phase to an accelerated
expansion phase behaving, first, like dark matter and in a more recent epoch
like dark energy. We consider current data from SNIa experiments, statistics of
gravitational lensing, FR IIb radio galaxies, and x-ray gas mass fraction in
galaxy clusters. We investigate the constraints from this data set on flat
Chaplygin quartessence cosmologies. The observables considered here are
dependent essentially on the background geometry, and not on the specific form
of the QCM fluctuations. We obtain the confidence region on the two parameters
of the model from a combined analysis of all the above tests. We find that the
best-fit occurs close to the CDM limit (). The standard
Chaplygin quartessence () is also allowed by the data, but only at
the level.Comment: Replaced to match the published version, references update
Non-vacuum Solutions of Bianchi Type VI_0 Universe in f(R) Gravity
In this paper, we solve the field equations in metric f(R) gravity for
Bianchi type VI_0 spacetime and discuss evolution of the expanding universe. We
find two types of non-vacuum solutions by taking isotropic and anisotropic
fluids as the source of matter and dark energy. The physical behavior of these
solutions is analyzed and compared in the future evolution with the help of
some physical and geometrical parameters. It is concluded that in the presence
of isotropic fluid, the model has singularity at and represents
continuously expanding shearing universe currently entering into phantom phase.
In anisotropic fluid, the model has no initial singularity and exhibits the
uniform accelerating expansion. However, the spacetime does not achieve
isotropy as in both of these solutions.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophys. Space Sc
Desenvolvimento ponderal e testicular, concentrações periféricas de testosterona e características de abate em touros da raça Nelore
Exame andrológico em touros: qualidade dos indicadores da aptidão reprodutiva em distintos grupos raciais Andrologycal examination in bulls: quality of breedng soundness criteria in different genetic groups
Os padrões recomendados para os componentes do exame andrológico são únicos para todas as raças e sistemas de produção, resultando em perdas económicas pela eliminação de reprodutores em alguns conjuntos raciais. O presente estudo apresenta uma análise retrospectiva sobre dois conjuntos de dados de campo, comparando grupos contemporâneos de touros de raças puras taurinas e derivadas de cruzamento com zebuínos. Os resultados indicam que o uso de padrões mais flexíveis resultam em um comportamento semelhante dos distintos grupos raciais, quanto à condição reprodutiva, em contraste com os critérios atuais que classificam de maneira diferente animais de distintos genótipos taurinos puros e seu cruzamento com zebuínos. É enfatizada a importância de estudos sobre os critérios recomendados para a classificação reprodutiva de touros, no sentido de reduzir perdas impostas aos sistemas de produção em decorrência de peculiaridades inerentes a grupos genéticos diferenciados.<br>There is a single set of standard for breeding soundness evaluation in bulls for ali breeds and production systems, resulting in economical losses due to high frequencies of culling in bulls of some genotypes. This study presents an analysis on two sets of field data, comparing contemporary groups of bulls from taurine pure-breds and zebu crossbreeds. The results were indicative that more flexible standards could be useful, avoiding injustified culling of bulls. This fact may be justified by the absence of interaction between breed and reproductive condition. It will be importam to continue the studies on procedures and standards for breeding soundness evaluation in bulls, to reduce losses in the production systems due to peculiarities inherent to the genetic groups
Localization of Phospholipase D1 to Caveolin-enriched Membrane via Palmitoylation: Implications for Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been suggested to mediate epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. However, the molecular mechanism of EGF-induced PLD activation has not yet been elucidated. We investigated the importance of the phosphorylation and compartmentalization of PLD1 in EGF signaling. EGF treatment of COS-7 cells transiently expressing PLD1 stimulated PLD1 activity and induced PLD1 phosphorylation. The EGF-induced phosphorylation of threonine147 was completely blocked and the activity of PLD1 attenuated by point mutations (S2A/T147A/S561A) of PLD1 phosphorylation sites. The expression of a dominant negative PKCα mutant by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer greatly inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of PLD1 induced by EGF in PLD1-transfected COS-7 cells. EGF-induced PLD1 phosphorylation occurred primarily in the caveolin-enriched membrane (CEM) fraction, and the kinetics of PLD1 phosphorylation in the CEM were strongly correlated with PLD1 phosphorylation in the total membrane. Interestingly, EGF-induced PLD1 phosphorylation and activation and the coimmunoprecipitation of PLD1 with caveolin-1 and the EGF receptor in the CEM were significantly attenuated in the palmitoylation-deficient C240S/C241S mutant, which did not localize to the CEM. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that wild-type PLD1 colocalized with caveolin-1 and the EGF receptor and that phosphorylated PLD1 was localized exclusively in the plasma membrane, although some PLD1 was also detected in vesicular structures. Transfection of wild-type PLD1 but not of C240S/C241S mutant increased EGF-induced raf-1 translocation to the CEM and ERK phosphorylation. This study shows, for the first time, that EGF-induced PLD1 phosphorylation and activation occur in the CEM and that the correct localization of PLD1 to the CEM via palmitoylation is critical for EGF signaling