Avaliação nutricional da silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo de alto ou de baixo conteúdo de tanino para frangos de corte Nutritional evaluation of high moisture sorghum silage grain with high or low tannin content for broilers

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo (SGUS) de alto ou baixo conteúdo de tanino na alimentação de frangos de corte. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizadas 90 aves de 20 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos, seis repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental. Os valores de matéria seca (MSM), matéria orgânica (MOM), proteína (PM), amido (AMM) e energia metabolizáveis (EM) na matéria natural (66,22% de MS para a SGUS de alto tanino e 65,28% para a SGUS de baixo tanino) foram, respectivamente, de 57,29; 56,96; 4,45; 35,27% e 2.408 kcal/kg para a SGUS de alto tanino e de 60,42; 59,95; 5,11; 39,58%; e 2.578 kcal/kg para a SGUS de baixo tanino. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 840 pintos de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos, quatro repetições e trinta aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja e de seis rações com 33, 66 e 100% de substituição do milho por SGUS de alto ou baixo tanino. A inclusão de níveis crescentes de SGUS com alto tanino piorou linearmente o peso vivo, o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar aos 40 dias de idade, não se observando o mesmo efeito para a SGUS de baixo tanino. As aves que receberam ração com SGUS de alto tanino nos níveis de 66 e 100% de substituição apresentaram, aos 40 dias de idade, menor peso vivo e ganho de peso. Observou-se decréscimo linear na coloração da perna das aves com a inclusão de SGUS nas rações. A silagem de grão úmido de sorgo de alto tanino pode substituir até 33% e a de baixo tanino, até 100% do milho em rações para frangos de corte, sem prejudicar o desempenho e proporcionando menor custo por quilograma de frango produzido.<br>Two trials were carried out to evaluate the moisture sorghum silage (HMSS) with high or low tannin content as ingredient in broiler chicken diets. In the digestibility trial, ninety 20-d chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications, and five chicks per experimental unit. Coefficients of metabolizable dry matter (MDM), metabolizable protein (MP), metabolizable starch (MS), metabolizable organic matter (MOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) of HMSS with high tannin, as-fed basis (66.22%DM), were as follows: 57.29; 56.96; 4.45; 35.27% and 2,408 kcal/kg, respectively. The coefficients of HMSS with low tannin were of 60.42; 59.95; 5.11; 39.58% and 2578 kcal/kg, respectively, as-fed basis (65.28% DM). In the performance assay, eight hundred and forty chicks were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design, with seven treatments, four replications and thirty chicks per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal -based diet and six with 33, 66 and 100% HMSS with high or low content replaced by dry corn. Increasing HMSS levels with high tannin contents in diets caused a linear decrease on weight, weight gain, feed intake at 21 and 40 days old, but this effect was not observed for HMSS of low tannin content. Forty-day-old broilers fed diets with HMSS of high tannin content in 66 and 100% replacement levels showed lower weight and lower weigh gain. However, broilers fed HMSS with low tannin content did not differ from control. Linear decrease on the chicken leg color of was observed when HMSS was included in the diets. Performance results demonstrated that HMSS with high tannin content may replace um 33% of corn and with low tannin HMSS up to 100% of corn in diets of broilers, with no effect on performance and with lower cost per kilogram of produced broiler

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora