41 research outputs found

    Risk analysis of complex hydrogen infrastructures

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    Developing a future sustainable refuelling station network is the next important step to establish hydrogen as a fuel for vehicles and related services. Such stations will most likely be integrated in existing refuelling stations and result in multi-fuel storages with a variety of fuels being delivered, stored and distributed, as e.g. biomass based methane, ethanol, gasoline, diesel as well as the traditional crude oil based products. Hydrogen is also in play as intermediate energy storage to secure the power supply based on large shares of fluctuating energy sources and as an intermediate to improve the quality of biomass based fuels. Therefore, hydrogen supply and distribution chains will likely not only serve to fulfil the demands of refuelling, but may also be important for the wider electrical power and fuel industries. Based on an integrated hydrogen supply and distribution network, the application of the method of “Functional modelling” is discussed in this paper to show the complexity of the coupling between power storage for electricity supply and supplying hydrogen for transportation. It will be shown how a “Functional model” can be applied for comprehensive data storage for various assessment methodologies, and how functional models could support coherent risk and sustainability (Risk Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment /Life Cycle Costing) assessments, in order to find optimal solutions for the development of the infrastructure on a regional or national level

    Analysis of Acoustic Pressure Oscillation During Vented Deflagration

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    In industrial buildings explosion relief panels or doors are often used to reduce damages caused by gas explosion. Decades of research produced a significant contribution to the understanding of the phenomena involved, nevertheless, among the aspects that need further research, interaction between acoustic oscillation and the flame front is one of the more important. Interaction between the flame front and acoustic oscillation has raised technical problem in lots of combustion applications as well, and had been studied theoretically and experimentally in such cases. Pressure oscillation had been observed in vented deflagration and in certain cases they are responsible for the highest pressure peak generated during the event. At Scalbatraio laboratory of Pisa University CVE test facility was built in order to investigate vented hydrogen deflagration. This paper is aimed to present an overview of the results obtained during several experimental campaigns which tests are analysed with the focus on the investigation of flame acoustic interaction phenomenon. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is presented and the possible physic generating the phenomenon investigated

    HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGEN DEFLAGRATIONS IN SMALL SCALE ENCLOSURE. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

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    University of Pisa performed experimental tests in a 1 m3 facility, which shape and dimensions resemble a gas cabinet, for the HySEA project, founded by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking with the aim to conduct pre-normative research on vented deflagrations in real-life enclosures and containers used for hydrogen energy applications, in order to generate experimental data of high quality. The test facility, named Small Scale Enclosure (SSE), had a vent area of 0,42 m2 which location could be varied, namely on the top or in front of the facility, while different types of vent were investigated. Three different ignition location were investigated as well, and the range of Hydrogen concentration ranged between 10 and 18% vol. This paper is aimed to summarize the main characteristics of the experimental campaign as well as to present its results

    A unique MSH2 exon 8 deletion accounts for a major portion of all mismatch repair gene mutations in Lynch syndrome families of Sardinian origin

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    Lynch syndrome is an autosomal-dominant hereditary condition predisposing to the development of specific cancers, because of germline mutations in the DNA-mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Large genomic deletions represent a significant fraction of germline mutations, particularly among the MSH2 gene, in which they account for 20% of the mutational spectrum. In this study we analyzed 13 Italian families carrying MSH2 exon 8 deletions, 10 of which of ascertained Sardinian origin. The overrepresentation of Sardinians was unexpected, as families from Sardinia account for a small quota of MMR genes mutation tests performed in our laboratory. The hypothesis that such a result is owing to founder effects in Sardinia was tested by breakpoint junctions sequencing and haplotype analyses. Overall, five different exon eight deletions were identified, two of which recurrent in families, all apparently unrelated, of Sardinian origin (one in eight families, one in two families). The c.1277–1180_1386+2226del3516insCATTCTCTTTGAAAA deletion shares the same haplotype between all families and appears so far restricted to the population of South-West Sardinia, showing the typical features of a founder effect. The three non-Sardinian families showed three different breakpoint junctions and haplotypes, suggesting independent mutational events. This work has useful implications in genetic testing for Lynch syndrome. We developed a quick test for each of the identified deletions: this can be particularly useful in families of Sardinian origin, in which MSH2 exon 8 deletions may represent 50% of the overall mutational spectrum of the four MMR genes causing Lynch syndrome

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    Experimental studies on hydrogen releases and combustions from pipelines

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    Currently hydrogen distribution by pipeline is very limited worldwide and it is quite completely confined into industrial plants. One aspect in safety still to be studied is about accidental outflow conditions of hydrogen from a pipeline caused by a leakage. Into the laboratories of DIMNP (Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering) of University of Pisa (Italy) a pilot plant called HPBT (Hydrogen Pipe Break Test) is currently under study and construction in cooperation with Department of Fire Brigade. The plant will simulate real hydrogen release, its ignition and possible development of combustion. The experimental activity will give technical information about gas diffusivity as function of the position of release, of ignition parameters and the characteristics of the possible shock wave caused by ignition. A new specific normative arranged to prevent fire and applied to hydrogen pipeline will be developed thanks to the obtained information. Experimental data will be useful for comparison with theoretical and computer models
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