Field Study of Potential Relocation Sites for the Adams County Farmers’ Market

Farmers markets are an essential part of a community\u27s culture and provide a vital service to all of its members. Currently, the Adam’s County Farmers Market is at a crossroads, as the lease it has on its current location is up and they must consider where they will go next. The purpose of this study is to assist the market in finding the best location in Gettysburg by analyzing the potential sites and providing a numerical score to compare each site. Four potential locations were used in this study: Constitution Lot, Lutheran Seminary, Recreation Park and the Existing site location. Of these locations it was hypothesized that Recreation Park would be the best spot due to its many open fields and provided amenities. The study was conducted by identifying 12 criteria to consider for each site and weighting them against each other using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Each site was given a score for each category and each weight was applied to the corresponding category. These scores were added up and each site received a score out of four measuring the quality of the site. The highest scoring site was Constitution Lot followed by the Existing Site, Recreation Park, and Lutheran Seminary. The Constitution Lot site benefited greatly from its vendor and parking space size while the Existing site location came in at a close second due to its many amenities. This study was conducted with the hope of improving the quality of the farmer’s market and increasing its vendor capabilities so that it can better serve the community

Cargo adaptors regulate stepping and force generation of mammalian dynein-dynactin.

Cytoplasmic dynein is an ATP-driven motor that transports intracellular cargos along microtubules. Dynein adopts an inactive conformation when not attached to a cargo, and motility is activated when dynein assembles with dynactin and a cargo adaptor. It was unclear how active dynein-dynactin complexes step along microtubules and transport cargos under tension. Using single-molecule imaging, we showed that dynein-dynactin advances by taking 8 to 32-nm steps toward the microtubule minus end with frequent sideways and backward steps. Multiple dyneins collectively bear a large amount of tension because the backward stepping rate of dynein is insensitive to load. Recruitment of two dyneins to dynactin increases the force generation and the likelihood of winning against kinesin in a tug-of-war but does not directly affect velocity. Instead, velocity is determined by cargo adaptors and tail-tail interactions between two closely packed dyneins. Our results show that cargo adaptors modulate dynein motility and force generation for a wide range of cellular functions

The influence of sodium salts on binary mixtures of bitter-tasting compounds

In order to study potential mixture interactions among bitter compounds, selected sodium salts were added to five compounds presented either alone or as binary bitter- ompound mixtures. Each compound was tested at a concentration that elicited &lsquo;weak&rsquo; perceived bitterness. The bitter compounds were mixed at these concentrations to form a subset of possible binary mixtures. For comparison, the concentration of each solitary compound was doubled to measure bitterness inhibition at the higher intensity level elicited by the mixtures. The following sodium salts were tested for bitterness inhibition: 100 mM sodium chloride (salty), 100 mM sodium gluconate (salty), 100 and 20 mM monosodium glutamate (umami), and 50 mM adenosine monophosphate disodium salt (umami). Sucrose (sweet) was also employed as a bitterness suppressor. The sodium salts differentially suppressed the bitterness of compounds and their binary combinations. Although most bitter compounds were suppressed, the bitterness of tetralone was not suppressed, nor was the bitterness of the binary mixtures that contained it. In general, the percent suppression of binary mixtures of compounds was predicted by the average percent suppression of its two components. Within the constraints of the present study, the bitterness of mixtures was suppressed by sodium salts and sucrose independently, with few bitter interactions. This is consistent with observations that the bitter taste system integrates the bitterness of multi-compound solutions linearly.<br /

The Impact of Perceived Computing Security on Ethical Behavior: A Unit of Study for MIS Students

Security in computing has been compared to the security of the Wild West days. This new frontier of technology has left some corporations vulnerable to attack because of a lack of understanding or employee education on the importance and value of the information resource. By using identified factors that affect ethical decision making and behavioral choices in the business setting, we can develop a curriculum to educate future users of the information resource. A module on ethics is proposed based upon two factors, perceived probability of detection without punishment and perceived probability of detection with punishment, that can influence behavior in four ethical dilemma areas identified by previous research. This unit of study is used as a method to improve students’ awareness of the importance of the two factors as deterrents to unethical (and sometimes illegal) behavior. An instrument was developed to measure students’ predictions of ethical behavior based on the extent of the two factors. In addition, another instrument was developed to measure the students’ predictions of their colleagues’ ethical behavior. These instruments were administered and tabulated in a junior-level MIS class at a major university in order to stimulate class discussion regarding the relationship between ethics, probability of detection, and punishment. At the end of the ethics module, an anonymous survey was conducted to measure the students’ beliefs regarding the impact of the ethics module on their awareness of the role of perceived probabilities of detection without punishment. The results of the survey indicated that all participants believed that their awareness of the two factors had increased after completing the ethics unit

Oral zinc sulfate solutions inhibit sweet taste perception

We investigated the ability of zinc sulfate (5, 25, 50 mM) to inhibit the sweetness of 12 chemically diverse sweeteners, which were all intensity matched to 300 mM sucrose [800 mM glucose, 475 mM fructose, 3.25 mM aspartame, 3.5 mM saccharin, 12 mM sodium cyclamate, 14 mM acesulfame-K, 1.04 M sorbitol, 0.629 mM sucralose, 0.375 mM neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), 1.5 mM stevioside and 0.0163 mM thaumatin]. Zinc sulfate inhibited the sweetness of most compounds in a concentration dependent manner, peaking with 80% inhibition by 50 mM. Curiously, zinc sulfate never inhibited the sweetness of Na-cyclamate. This suggests that Na-cyclamate may access a sweet taste mechanism that is different from the other sweeteners, which were inhibited uniformly (except thaumatin) at every concentration of zinc sulfate. We hypothesize that this set of compounds either accesses a single receptor or multiple receptors that are inhibited equally by zinc sulfate at each concentration.<br /

Readout and Digit-Plane Driving Systems - P.B. No. 62

This note contains a survey of the existing readout and digit-plane driving systems as well as a survey of some of the more promising new systems that are proposed. Preliminary block diagrams with weak and strong points of each system are also included

Notes on Recent Cases

Notes on recent cases by D. M. Donahue, A. J. DeDario, J. S. Angelino, J. J. Canty, F. Earl Lamboley, Marc Wonderlin, and Albion M. Griffin