On Higher Derivatives as Constraints in Field Theory: a Geometric Perspective

We formalize geometrically the idea that the (de Donder) Hamiltonian formulation of a higher derivative Lagrangian field theory can be constructed understanding the latter as a first derivative theory subjected to constraints.Comment: 7 page

Magnetic Brane-worlds

We investigate brane-worlds with a pure magnetic field and a perfect fluid. We extend earlier work to brane-worlds, and find new properties of the Bianchi type I brane-world. We find new asymptotic behaviours on approach to the singularity and classify the critical points of the dynamical phase space. It is known that the Einstein equations for the magnetic Bianchi type I models are in general oscillatory and are believed to be chaotic, but in the brane-world model this chaotic behaviour does not seem to be possible.Comment: 21 pages, 3 ps figures; To appear in CQ

HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Brazil (1994\u20132016): a time series modeling

HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (HIV-1 MTCT), is an important cause of children mortality worldwide. Brazil has been traditionally praised by its HIV/Aids program, which provides free-of-charge care for people living with HIV-1. Using public epidemiology and demographic databases, we aimed at modeling HIV-1 MTCT prevalence in Brazil through the years (1994\u20132016) and elaborate a statistical model for forecasting, contributing to HIV-1 epidemiologic surveillance and healthcare decision-making. We downloaded sets of live births and mothers\u2019 data alongside HIV-1 cases notification in children one year old or less. Through time series modeling, we estimated prevalence along the years in Brazil, and observed a remarkable decrease of HIV-1 MTCT between 1994 (10 cases per 100,000 live births) and 2016 (five cases per 100,000 live births), a reduction of 50%. Using our model, we elaborated a prognosis for each Brazilian state to help HIV-1 surveillance decision making, indicating which states are in theory in risk of experiencing a rise in HIV-1 MTCT prevalence. Ten states had good (37%), nine had mild (33%), and eight had poor prognostics (30%). Stratifying the prognostics by Brazilian region, we observed that the Northeast region had more states with poor prognosis, followed by North and Midwest, Southeast and South with one state of poor prognosis each. Brazil undoubtedly advanced in the fight against HIV-1 MTCT in the past two decades. We hope our model will help indicating where HIV-1 MTCT prevalence may rise in the future and support government decision makers regarding HIV-1 surveillance and prevention

Trichoscopy as an Additional Tool for the Differential Diagnosis of Tinea Capitis: a Prospective Clinical Study

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação de cultivares de Coffea arabica L. ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne exigua.

Os nematóides podem causar grandes danos em cafezais no Brasil, dependendo da espécie e do tipo de solo. A espécie Meloidogyne exigua é a mais disseminada nas regiões cafeeiras, especialmente em lavouras mais velhas do Sul de Minas Gerais. As áreas com nematóides mostram redução tanto no desenvolvimento das plantas como na produção. Dentre as medidas de controle do nematóide, a que tem-se mostrado mais adequada é o uso de cultivares resistentes. O objetivo deste ensaio foi avaliar o comportamento de diferentes cultivares de Coffea arabica L. quando inoculados com M. exigua, visando a identificação de fontes de resistência. O ensaio foi instalado no setor de Nematologia da UFLA /Lavras-MG, em casa de vegetação, sob delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e três plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas 22 cultivares, utilizando-se a cultivar Acaiá 474/19 e IAPAR 59, como padrões de suscetibilidade e de resistência, respsctivamente. Cada planta foi inoculada 80 dias após transplantio com 5000 ovos de M. exigua e avaliadas 40 e 120 dias após inoculação quanto ao número de galhas por grama de raiz. A cultivar IAPAR 59 confirmou ser imune, já que nenhuma galha foi observada em seu sistema radicular. As cultivares Catucaí Vermelho 785/15 e Acauã apresentaram segregação sendo algumas plantas resistentes e outras de reduzida susceptibilidade. As cultivares Catucaí Vermelho 36/6, Siriema, Soledade, Bem-te-vi Amarelo, Catucaí Vermelho 20/15- cv 395, Catucaí Amarelo 3-5, Cultivar oriunda de Franca, Catucaí Vermelho 36/6- cv 470, Catucaí Amarelo 24/137, Sabiá Tardio, Catucaí Amarelo 2SL- cv 446, Catucaí Amarelo 3 SM, Catucaí Amarelo 20/15- 479, Icatu IAC 2944, IBC-Palma II, Canário, Catucaí Açu Vermelho, IBC-Palma I e Acaiá-IAC 474/19 foram classificadas como susceptíveis, embora tivessem apresentado na primeira avaliação baixos índices de infestação, quando comparadas a cultivar Acaiá-IAC 474/19, o que indica a possibilidade de diferentes níveis de susceptibilidade entre as mesmas

Reduction of quantum noise in optical interferometers using squeezed light

We study the photon counting noise in optical interferometers used for gravitational wave detection. In order to reduce quantum noise a squeezed vacuum state is injected into the usually unused input port. Here, we specifically investigate the so called `dark port case', when the beam splitter is oriented close to 90{\deg} to the incoming laser beam, such that nearly all photons go to one output port of the interferometer, and only a small fraction of photons is seen in the other port (`dark port'). For this case it had been suggested that signal amplification is possible without concurrent noise amplification [R.Barak and Y.Ben-Aryeh, J.Opt.Soc.Am.B25(361)2008]. We show that by injection of a squeezed vacuum state into the second input port, counting noise is reduced for large values of the squeezing factor, however the signal is not amplified. Signal strength only depends on the intensity of the laser beam.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

Geochemistry of the Rio Espinharas hybrid complex, northeastern Brazil

The Rio Espinharas pluton, northeastern Brazil, belongs to the shoshonitic series and consists mainly of syenogranite, quartz-monzonite and porphyritic quartz-monzonite, but diorite, quartz-monzodiorite, quartz-syenite and microsyenogranite also occur containing microgranular enclaves, except for the diorite. Most variation diagrams of rocks, amphiboles, biotites and allanites show linear trends, but K, Zr, Sr and Ba of rocks display curved scattered trends. The rocks ranging from diorite to syenogranite define a pseudo-errorchron and have similar REE patterns. Syenogranite and microsyenogranite are derived from two distinct pulses of granite magma with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7083±0.0003 and 0.7104±0.0007, respectively. Modelling of major and trace elements shows that the syenogranite evolved by fractional crystallization of plagioclase, microcline, edenite, biotite and titanite, whereas quartz-monzonite, porphyritic quartz-monzonite, quartz-monzodiorite and quartz-syenite resulted from simple mixing between an upper mantle-derived dioritic magma and the upper crust-derived syenogranite magma. Dioritic enclaves are globules of a mafic magma from the upper mantle.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6J-46X86NR-5/1/0e5ce1dcc0c8fe91ebd680e6f2ac523