Cultivo de seleções de pessegueiros precoces no sistema de pomar compacto com poda drástica

An experiment was carried out in 1980-1982 at the Estação Experimental de Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, to study de viability of growing peaches (Prunus persica Batsch) by the meadow orchard system, in which the trees are planted at very short distances and annually submitted to drastic pruning. The behavior of 29 early peach selections was tested at two spacings: 3 x 0.5 x 0.5 m (double row), and 3 x 0.5 m (single row), i. e., 11,428 and 6,666 plants/ha, respectively. The average yields verified at the first harvest, in October/November 1982, were 2.3 and 3.4 kg of fruits per plant, equivalent to 26.7 and 22.4 t/ha, respectively. This cultivation system will allow better yields in shorter time than those obtained from older orchards raised under the conventional growing system (6 x 5 m spacing). Among the new peach selections tested, the following stood as the most promising to the meadow orchard system: Doçura-2 (IAC 2370-3), Jóia-1 (IAC 771-1), Jóia-2 (IAC 471-1), Ouromel-2 (IAC 171-5), Ouromel-3 (IAC 471-8), IAC 4974-10, IAC 4974-23, IAC 976-6, Maravilha (Fla. 13-72) and Flordaprince (FIa. 5-2).Foi realizado, em 1980-1982, na Estação Experimental de Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, experimento visando a exploração econômica da cultura do pessegueiro (Prunus persica Batsch) no sistema de pomar compacto, no qual as árvores são plantadas a pouca distância umas das outras e submetidas a poda drástica anual. Testou-se o comportamento de 29 seleções de pessegueiros precoces, sob dois espaçamentos de plantio: 3 x 0,5 x 0,5 m (fileira dupla) e 3 x 0,5 m (fileira simples), correspondendo às densidades de 11.428 e 6.666 plantas/ha, respectivamente. Na primeira safra, em outubro/novembro de 1982, verificaram-se produções de 2,3 e 3,4 kg de frutos por planta, equivalentes a 26.7 e 22,4 t/ha, respectivamente. Este sistema de cultura possibilitará produções maiores que as dos pomares adultos convencionais (distanciamento de 6 e 5 m) e o estabelecimento do pomar em menos tempo. As seleções que se destacaram como as mais promissoras para este sistema de cultura foram: Doçura-2 (IAC 2370-3), Jóia-1 (IAC 771-1), Jóia-2 (IAC 471-1), Ouromel-2 (IAC 171-5), Ouromel-3 (IAC 471-8), IAC 4974-10, IAC 4974-23, IAC 976-6, Maravilha (Fla. 13-72) e Flordaprince (FIa. 5-2)

Four new white flesh and freestone peaches

'Jóia-1' (IAC 771-1), 'Jóia-2' (IAC 471-1), 'Doçura-2' (IAC 2370-3) e 'Doçura-3'(IAC 1571-2) são quatro novas variedades de pêssego para mesa, selecionadas para adaptação às condições de pouco frio do Estado de São Paulo. São resultantes de cruzamentos entre cultivares de pêssegos locais com pêssegos e nectarinas introduzidos da Flórida, EE.UU. Suas características mais importantes, além da pouca exigência de frio, são: vigor da planta, maturação rápida, alta produtividade e frutos de excelente sabor.'Jóia-l' (IAC 771-1), 'Jóia-2' (IAC 471-1), 'Doçura-2' (IAC 2370-3) and Doçura-3' (IAC 1571-2) are four new white-flesh dessert peaches, selected for adaptation to the mild winter climatic conditions prevailing in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. They resulted from crosses between some local peach cultivars with peaches and nectarines introduced from Florida, USA. Their most important characteristics besides low chilling requirement are great tree vigour, early ripening, and high productiveness, and excellent taste quality

Identification of a Simple Sequence Repeat molecular-marker set for large-scale analyses of pear germplasm

Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) are molecular markers suitable to assess the genetic variation of germplasm resources; however, large-scale SSR use requires protocol optimization. The present work aimed to identify SSR markers, developed for pear and other fruit species that are effective in characterizing pear germplasm collections and in demonstrating their use in providing support for genetic breeding programs. From a total of 62 SSR markers investigated, 23 yielding reproducible and polymorphic patterns were used to genotype a sample of 42 pear accessions of the Brazilian Pear Germplasm Bank (PGB). When compared to these 23 SSR markers, a subset of eleven markers, selected based on He, PIC and PId, was used to distinguish individual accessions and perform cluster analysis with similar efficacy. Genetic diversity analysis clustered the European, Japanese and Chinese accessions in distinct groups. This markers subset constitutes a valuable tool for several applications related to pear genetic resources management and breeding