NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a variabilidade interanual da evaporação do tanque Classe A e da umidade relativa do ar em Santa Maria, RS El Niño Southern Oscilation and the interannual variability of Pan evaporation and air relative humidity in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi associar a variabilidade interanual da evaporação do tanque Classe A e da umidade relativa do ar com o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) em Santa Maria, RS. Foram utilizados os dados diários de evaporação do tanque Classe A (ECA, mm dia-1) e umidade relativa média diária do ar (UR, %) medidos em Santa Maria, RS. A ECA foi medida de 1973 a 2006 e a UR de 1969 a 2006. Os anos foram classificados em El Niño (EN), La Niña (LN) e Neutros (N), considerando o período de 01/07 de um ano até 30/06 do ano seguinte. Os resultados mostraram que a ECA é menor nos anos de EN e maior nos anos de LN. Já a UR foi maior em anos de EN e menor em anos de LN. O efeito do fenômeno ENOS sobre a ECA é maior nos meses de novembro, dezembro, janeiro e maio, enquanto que sobre a UR os meses de maior influência do ENOS são outubro, novembro, dezembro e maio.<br>The objective of this study was to associate the interannual variability of Pan evaporation and air relative humidity with the El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO) phenomenon in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Daily data records of Pan evaporation (PAN, mm day-1) and mean daily relative humidity (RH, %) measured in Santa Maria, RS, were used. PAN was measured from 1973 to 2006 and RH was measured from 1969 to 2006. Years were grouped into El Niño (EN) years, La Niña (LN) years, and Neutral (N) years, from July 1st of the year to June 30th of the following year. Results showed that PAN is lower in EN years and greater in LN years. On the other hand, RH was greater in EN years and lower in LN years. The effect of ENSO on PAN is greater in November, December, January, and May, whereas RH is affected by ENSO in October, November, December and May

Calibração de extratores providos de cápsula porosa para monitoramento da salinidade e da concentração de íons Calibration of porous ceramic cup extractors in monitoring soil salinity and ion concentration

Os resultados satisfatórios obtidos no monitoramento da salinidade e concentração de íons na solução do solo, usando extratores de cápsulas porosas, motivaram a realização deste trabalho, o qual teve como objetivo a obtenção de curvas de calibração para estes extratores monitorarem a condutividade elétrica e a concentração de nitrato e de potássio na solução de dois tipos de solo (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Argissólico franco arenoso, e o outro como Cambissolo Eutrófico), em Mossoró - RN. As concentrações de nitrato utilizadas foram as mesmas nos dois solos (0; 84; 168; 252; 336; 420 e 504 mg L-1); quanto ao potássio, foram utilizadas concentrações diferentes no solo arenoso (0; 117; 234; 351; 468; 585 e 702 mg L-1) e no argiloso (0; 117; 234; 351; 468; 585; 702; 1.170; 1.755; 2.340; 2.925 e 3.510 mg L-1). A condutividade elétrica da solução do solo e a concentração de nitrato e de potássio foram estimadas com precisão satisfatória a partir da solução coletada com extratores providos de cápsulas porosas, sendo necessária uma calibração prévia para cada tipo de solo.<br>The satisfactory results obtained in monitoring soil salinity and ion concentration, by means of porous ceramic cup extractors, motivated the realization of this study, which objective was obtaining calibration curves for these extractors to monitor soil electrical conductivity and concentration of nitrate and potassium in two different soils. The nitrate concentrations tested were the same for the two soils (0; 84; 168; 252; 336; 420 and 504 mg L-1) but, for potassium, different concentrations were used for sandy soil (0; 117; 234; 351; 468; 585 and 702 mg L-1) and clay soil (0; 117; 234; 351; 468; 585; 702; 1,170; 1,755; 2,340; 2,925 and 3,510 mg L-1). Electrical conductivity of soil solution and concentrations of nitrate and potassium were estimated with satisfactory precision from soil solution collected with porous ceramic cup extractors, but this task must be preceded by a calibration for each soil type

Resposta de cultivares de arroz a doses de nitrogênio e do regulador de crescimento cloreto de clormequat Response of rice cultivars to nitrogen and growth regulator chlormequat chloride

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1) e do regulador de crescimento cloreto de clormequat (0, 1 e 2 L ha-1), em algumas características agronômicas de cultivares de arroz IAC 201 e IAC 202. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O N foi aplicado em cobertura, no estádio da diferenciação floral, e o regulador de crescimento foi aplicado parceladamente, aos 20 e 30 dias após a emergência das plântulas de arroz (perfilhamento). Na safra 2001/2002, houve efeito significativo de N para altura de plantas, comprimento da panícula, espiguetas por panícula, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Houve efeito do regulador de crescimento sobre o comprimento da panícula e espiguetas por panícula. A maior produtividade foi a da cultivar IAC 202. Na safra 2002/2003, houve efeito de N para altura de plantas, massa de 100 grãos, fertilidade das espiguetas e produtividade de grãos. O regulador de crescimento não exerceu efeito nas características testadas, e a cultivar IAC 202 foi novamente a mais produtiva.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate N rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and the growth regulator chlormequat chloride effect (0, 1 e 2 L ha-1) on some agronomic characteristics of rice cultivars IAC 201 and IAC 202. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. Nitrogen was applied as side-dressing at flower differentiation and the growth regulator was split in two times and applied at 20 and 30 days after seedlings emergency (tillering). In the harvests of 2001/2002, there was no significant effect of N rates on plant height, panicle length, spikelet per panicle, 100-grain mass and grain yield. The growth regulator rates were significant for panicle length and spikelet per panicle. IAC 202 presented higher grain yield. In the harvest of 2002/2003 there was no effect of N rates on plant height, spikelet fertility, 100-grain mass and grain yield. The growth regulator rates had no effect on tested characteristics, and IAC 202 cultivar presented higher grain yield