Achievement of a Fortifying Product based on Apples, Quinces and Sea Buckthorn

The aim of the research was to achieve a fortifying product Apple, Quince and Sea Buckthorn Nectar rich in antioxidants (vitamin C, β-carotene) and dietary fibers (cellulose, pectic substances) from fruit. In the experiments were used fruit (apples, quinces and sea buckthorn) with a high content of these nutrients. The antioxidants are chemical substances that inhibit, decompose or prevent forming of free radicals or other substances that induce cancerogenesis. Also, dietary fibers are another group of natural compounds with an important role in the prevention of the digestive diseases. In the experiments were used biochemical methods for analysis of fruit and processed products (determination of soluble dry substance, glucides, proteins, lipids, mineral elements, total acidity, vitamin C, β-carotene, cellulose, pectic substances etc.). Also were performed microbiological analysis and sensorial analysis for processed products. In order to obtain the product Apple, Quince and Sea Buckthorn Nectar, four variants of experiments were carried out at the laboratory level. Following the sensorial and biochemical analyses, the optimum variant of the product Apple, Quince and Sea Buckthorn Nectar was selected, namely the variant V3 in which the ratio apple puree and quince puree was 1:1 and the percentage of added sea buckthorn juice was 3%

Tree and Fruit Characteristics of Various Apple Genotypes Obtained through Mutagenesis

Apple seeds treated with variable intensity doses of irradiation produce alterations of apple heredity, which are generally characterized by the reduction of tree vigour, change of fructification type, crop capacity, fruit shape, colour and biochemical fruit content. Morphological and productive features of trees derived through mutagenesis and fruit quality were studied on twelve apple genotypes, using Jonathan and Golden Delicious cultivars as control. The analysis of apple genotypes growing potential obtained through mutagenesis showed that there were significant differences in the tree height, trunk diameter, crown diameter and fructification type among the apple trees. Several genotypes (G-1/7, G-1/8, G-3/123, G-4/131, G-9/11) were registered with a high content of total nitrogen and protein in the fruits and G-9/11 genotype had the highest content of phosphorus (0.408%). Genotypes G-4/101 and G-4/131 accumulated a high quantity of nitrates, over the maximum admitted levels of 60 ppm NO3- for fresh fruits. Cu and Zn contents were low, under the maximum admitted limits

Rapid and non-destructive analytical techniques for measurement of apricot quality

Abstract Quality of ripened apricot depends on its maturity at harvest which was determined in the past subjectively and based on visual ratings. I

Ecologie des moisissures présentes sur les baies de raisin

La microflore des raisins est importante d un point de vue technologique car elle conditionne en partie la qualité du vin. Or, la diversité des flores fongiques présentes sur baies de raisin ainsi que leur potentiel de contamination du produit final ne sont pas encore pleinement connus. Dans ce cadre, la caractérisation des flores fongiques cultivables présentes sur baies de raisin a été réalisée par PCR ITS-RFLP. 41 espèces de moisissures différentes sur les 43 étudiées appartenant à 11 genres différents ont été caractérisées de façon fiable. Seules les espèces Penicillium thomii et Penicillium glabrum ont présenté le même profil. Ainsi 96.3% des souches étudiées ont été caractérisées avec au maximum 4 enzymes de restriction et 41.5% des souches ont pu l être avec seulement 2 enzymes de restriction. Ces résultats ont permis d enrichir les bases de données, moyennement pourvues en séquences ITS caractéristiques de genres ou d espèces de moisissures présentes sur baies de raisin. De plus, une étude exhaustive des moisissures présentes sur baies de raisin en Bourgogne a permis, par PCR ITS-RFLP, d identifier 199 souches au niveau de l espèce et ce quelque soit le genre. Penicillium spinulosum est l espèce majoritaire isolée pour le millésime 2008 en Bourgogne. Parallèlement, la quantification de Botrytis cinerea, choisi comme micro-organisme modèle, a été réalisée par qPCR. La technique qPCR décrite dans ce travail présente (i) une bonne sensibilté avec une limite de détection de 6.4 pg d ADN correspondant à 540 spores, (ii) l originalité de travailler en échantillons naturellement contaminés et la fiabilité d utiliser un standard interne. L évaluation de l efficacité de différentes stratégies de traitements anti-Botrytis a confirmé l importance de la prophylaxie (effeuillage) dans la lutte contre Botrytis cinerea.Microbial population of grapes is important from a technological point of view because it determines the quality of wine. But few studies have focused on fungal populations of grapes. A better knowledge of the fungal diversity on grapes, particularly as concerns species responsible for wine defects, may help efforts to control their development.We report the development of a PCR ITS-RFLP method as a fast and easy technique for identifying species of fungal genera present on grapes. By this methode, 41 different fungal species among 43 studied species belonging to 11 genera were characterized at the species level. Only P. thomii remained indistinguishable from P. glabrum. Using this PCR-ITS-RFLP, 96.3% strains tested could be differentiated to the species level with only four enzymes and 41.5% only with two enzymes. Moreover this work has contributed to the enriching of the database of fungal ITS sequences.Thus 199 isolated strain were on grapes in Burgundy vineyard were chacacterized at species level indepdantly of the genus by this method. P. spinolusum was the most frequently isolated species of Penicillium in Burgundy for 2008 vintage. Paralelly, the quantification of Botrytis cinerea, used as model, was developped by qPCR. The assay contained an internal amplification control to compensate for variations in DNA extraction and the various compounds from grapes, had high efficiency and the limit of detection was estimated to be 6.3 pg DNA (corresponding to 540 spores). This method was applied to assess the effects of various treatment strategies against Botrytis in the vineyard and demonstrates the importance of the prophylactic method.DIJON-BU Doc.électronique (212319901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Uric Acid, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Background. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are major mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Serum uric acid (sUA) is related to CHF severity and could represent a marker of xanthine-oxidase activation. The relationship between sUA, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers was assessed in patients with moderate-severe CHF and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF)

Study of the chemical composition of sweet sorghum stalks depleted in carbohydrates with applications in obtaining bioethanol

Sweet sorghum is a great energy crop that shows the benefits to ecosystems, energy and economics, being a valuable source of energy of the category 1st, 2nd and 3rd. bioethanol generation. Purpose of the paper is to study the chemical composition of sweet sorghum stalks depleted in carbohydrates with applications in obtaining ethanol. It shows appreciable compositional values of free sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. All these components can be easily made available as fermentable carbohydrates leading to the production of products with high economic value (bioethanol)