Ultrastructure of endogenous stages of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 Emend. Levine, 1961 in experimentally infected goat.

Abstract: The ultrastructure of endogenous stages of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae was observed in epithelial cells of cecum and colon crypts from a goat experimentally infected with 2.0 x 10(5) oocysts/kg. The secondary meronts developed above the nucleus of the host cell. The nucleus first divides and merozoites then form on the surface of multinucleated meronts. Free merozoites in the parasitophorous vacuole present a conoid, double membrane, one pair of rhoptries, micronemes, micropore, anterior and posterior polar ring, a nucleus with a nucleolus and peripheral chromatin. The microgamonts are located below the nucleus of the host cell and contain several nuclei at the periphery of the parasite. The microgametes consist of a body, a nucleus, three flagella and mitochondria. The macrogamonts develop below the nucleus of the host cell and have a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. The macrogametes contain a nucleus, wall-forming bodies of type I and type II. The young oocysts present a wall containing two layers and a sporont

Cloprostenol administration in the first week postpartum reduces expression of oxytocin receptors in the endometrium in Holstein-Zebu cows.

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the hormonal profile and expression of prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?), oxytocin and estrogen receptors in uterine tissues of postpartum cows treated with cloprostenol. Twenty HolsteinZebu crossbred cows were treated with saline solution (treatment CONT) or cloprostenol (treatment CLO), both administered two and five days postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days two, seven, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum for progesterone, PGF2? metabolite (PGFM) and estradiol determination, and endometrial biopsy was performed in order to quantify the expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ERS1) genes. In the CLO treatment, expression of OXTR was reduced (P0.05) between treatments was found for PTGFR and ERS1 expression. Estrogen concentrations increased progressively until day 14 (P<0.05) and the highest OXTR expression and lowest PTGFR expression were observed on day 14 (P<0.05) in both treatments. Serum PGFM concentrations were high throughout the experiment. In conclusion, cloprostenol administration at days two and five of postpartum seems to reduce OXTR expression in the endometrium in crossbred cows

Relationship of Genotype, Phenotype, and Treatment in Dopa-Responsive Dystonia: MDSGene Review

Background Pathogenic variants in 5 genes (GCH1, TH, PTS, SPR, and QDPR), involved in dopamine/tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis or recycling, have been linked to Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Diagnosis and treatment are often delayed due to high between- and within-group variability. Objectives Comprehensively analyzed individual genotype, phenotype, treatment response, and biochemistry information. Methods 734 DRD patients and 151 asymptomatic GCH1 mutation carriers were included using an MDSGene systematic literature review and an automated classification approach to distinguish between different forms of monogenic DRDs. Results Whereas dystonia, L-Dopa responsiveness, early age at onset, and diurnal fluctuations were identified as red flags, parkinsonism without dystonia was rarely reported (11%) and combined with dystonia in only 18% of patients. While sex was equally distributed in autosomal recessive DRD, there was female predominance in autosomal dominant DYT/PARK-GCH1 patients accompanied by a lower median age at onset and more dystonia in females compared to males. Accordingly, the majority of asymptomatic heterozygous GCH1 mutation carriers (>8 years of age) were males. Multiple other subgroup-specific characteristics were identified, showing high accuracy in the automated classification approach: Seizures and microcephaly were mostly seen in DYT/PARK-PTS, autonomic symptoms appeared commonly in DYT/PARK-TH and DYT/PARK-PTS, and sleep disorders and oculogyric crises in DYT/PARK-SPR. Biochemically, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in CSF were reduced in most DRDs, but neopterin and biopterin were increased only in DYT/PARK-PTS and DYT/PARK-SPR. Hyperphenylalaninemia was seen in DYT/PARK-PTS, DYT/PARK-QDPR, and rarely reported in autosomal recessive DYT/PARK-GCH1. Conclusions Our indicators will help to specify diagnosis and accelerate start of treatment. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Societ

Perfil dos produtores rurais do Rio Pardo de Minas: estudo de caso nas comunidades Monte Alegre, Vereda Funda e Água Boa (I e II).

Resumo - O estudo objetiva traçar o perfil técnico-econômico, social, ambiental e institucional dos produtores rurais de três comunidades do município de Rio Pardo de Minas (Vereda Funda; Água Boa I e II e Monte Alegre), sendo um esforço inicial na busca por compreender as necessidades, demandas e aspirações da agricultura familiar local. O levantamento é resultado de dados primários coletados por meio de visitas exploratórias e da aplicação de 92 questionários semiestruturados. Um resultado interessante foi perceber que os produtores rurais, embora com baixos níveis de produtividade, escolaridade e de capacitação técnica, têm consciência da necessidade da preservação ambiental, dos seus fatores críticos e dos gargalos estruturais que determinam o fraco nível de desenvolvimento econômico local. O estudo permitiu concluir que algumas soluções tecnológicas simples e intervenções públicas plausíveis poderiam gerar benefícios imediatos para as comunidades, tais como: melhorar os sistemas de produção e práticas de manejo; aumentar a qualidade da mão de obra por meio de capacitação e assistência técnica; direcionar mais crédito rural para investimento em cisternas, poços artesianos, sistemas de irrigação, insumos agropecuários (como máquinas e equipamentos, adubos e fertilizantes, defensivos agrícolas), dentre outros. Abstract - The study aims to trace the technical, economic, social, environmental and institutional profile of farmers in three communities of Rio Pardo de Minas (Vereda Funda, Água Boa I and II and Monte Alegre), being an initial effort in the search for understanding the needs, demands and aspirations of the local family farmers. The survey is the result of primary data collected through exploratory visits and application of 92 semi-structured questionnaires. An interesting result was to realize that farmers, albeit with low levels of productivity, education and technical training, are very aware of the environmental preservation´s need and the critical structural factors that determine the low level of local economic development. The study concluded that some simple technological solutions and plausible public interventions could bring immediate benefits to the three communities farmers, such as improving production systems and management practices; increase the quality of labor force through training and technical assistance; direct more rural credit for investment in water tanks, wells, irrigation systems, agricultural inputs (such as machinery and equipment, fertilizers, pesticides), among others

Perfil dos produtores rurais de Rio Pardo de Minas: estudo de caso nas comunidades Monte Alegre, Vereda Funda e Água Boa (I e II).

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Causes of variation in BCG vaccine efficacy: examining evidence from the BCG REVAC cluster randomized trial to explore the masking and the blocking hypotheses.

BCG protection varies and in some places (nearest the equator) is low or absent. Understanding this variation can inform the efforts to develop new vaccines against tuberculosis. Two main hypotheses are used to explain this variation: under masking, new vaccines are unlikely to increase protection; under blocking new vaccines have a greater potential to be effective when BCG is not. We conducted a cluster randomized trial to explored the masking and blocking hypotheses by studying BCG vaccine efficacy of neonatal vaccination and when administered for the first or a second (revaccination) time at school age in two sites (Manaus close and Salvador further south from the equator). Seven hundred and sixty three state schools were matched on socio economic characteristics of the neighborhood and 239,934 children were randomized to vaccine (BCG vaccination at school age) or control group. Protection by first BCG vaccination at school age was high in Salvador (34%, 95% CI 7-53%, p=0.017) but low in Manaus (8%, 95% CI t0 39-40%, p=0.686). For revaccination at school age, protection was modest in Salvador (19%, 95% CI 3-33%, p=0.022) and absent in Manaus (1%, 95% CI to 27-23%, p=0.932). Vaccine efficacy for neonatal vaccination was similar in Salvador (40%, 95% CI 22-54%, p<0.001) and Manaus (36%, 95% CI 11-53%, p=0.008). Variation in BCG efficacy was marked when vaccine was given at school age but absent at birth, which points towards blocking as the dominant mechanism. New tuberculosis vaccines that overcome or by pass this blocking effect could confer protection in situations where BCG is not protective