Clinical and histological effects of the temporary occlusion of the rabbit nasolacrimal duct and point using cyanoacrylate adhesives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histological effects of occluding the nasolacrimal ducts and points of rabbits. For this study, 20 adult New Zealand rabbits, both males and females, weighing 3.2±0.4kg were allocated into two groups for n-butyl-cyanoacrylate occlusion (GB, n=10) or 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate occlusion (GO, n=10). The contralateral eyes served as the controls. The persistence of tears was evaluated daily using the Schirmer I test. Discomfort, eye discharge, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed prior to the procedure (T0) and during the 14 subsequent days (T1-T14). On days seven and 14, five animals from each group were euthanized, and their nasolacrimal ducts were collected, processed and analyzed by histology. In the GB group, the Schirmer test values differed from that at T0 at all of the subsequent time points, whereas there was no difference in the values observed from the GO group. Compared with the corresponding controls, the GO and GB groups differed significantly at almost all of the time points. When comparing the treatment groups, differences were found at T6, T7, T9, T10, T11, T12 and T14, with higher Schirmer values in the GB group. Epiphora was observed in the GB group from T1 to T8 and in the GO group from T1 to T6. Within seven days post-occlusion, histology revealed a moderate foreign body reaction, with marked necrosis and sloughing of the canalicular epithelium, in the GO group, which was absent at day 14. In the GB group, a marked inflammatory reaction and a mild foreign body reaction were found at day seven, and the foreign body reaction was prevalent at day 14. This study demonstrated that both adhesives were effective in obstructing the nasolacrimal ducts and points of rabbits and that their application and handling are easy and free of complications. However, both adhesives promoted inflammatory and foreign body reactions that evolved to repair and regeneration at day 14 of evaluation

Variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, índice biespectral e recuperação anestésica em cães anestesiados pelo isofluorano, tratados ou não com tramadol

Foram avaliadas possíveis alterações cardiorrespiratórias e no índice biespectral em cães anestesiados pelo isofluorano, associado ou não ao tramadol. Utilizaram-se 16 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos denominados GC (grupo-controle) e GT (grupo tramadol). Todos os cães foram induzidos e mantidos sob anestesia com isofluorano. Os animais do GC receberam 0,05ml/kg de solução salina a 0,9% e os do GT 2mg/kg de tramadol, ambos por via intramuscular. Foram avaliados: freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média, eletrocardiografia, freqüência respiratória, saturação de oxiemoglobina, concentração de dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração, índice biespectral e recuperação da anestesia. Concluiu-se que a administração de tramadol em cães anestesiados pelo isofluorano não produz alterações nas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, no índice biespectral e no tempo de recuperação da anestesia, porém proporciona boa qualidade de recuperação anestésica.It was studied fortuitous cardiorespiratory and bispectral index changes in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane associated or not to tramadol. Sixteen dogswere distributed in two groups named CG (control group) and TG (tramadol group). General anesthesia was induced in all animals with isoflurane via mask. After 10 minutes, the animals of CG received 0.05ml/kg of saline solution at 0.9%, and TG received 2mg/kg of tramadol, both via intramuscular. It was evaluated heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures; electrocardiography; respiratory rate; oxihemoglobin saturation; end tidal carbon dioxide; bispectral index and recovery of anesthesia. The administration of tramadol in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane did not produce changes in cardiorespiratory variables, bispectral index and anesthetic recovery time. In addition, this association promoted good quality of anesthetic recovery

Efeitos de diferentes FiO2 sobre variáveis ecocardiográficas em cães submetidos à infusão contínua de propofol Effects of several FiO2 on the echocardiographic parameters in dogs undergoing continuous infusion of propofol

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do fornecimento de diferentes frações inspiradas de oxigênio (FiO2) em cães anestesiados com infusão contínua de propofol e mantidos em ventilação espontânea sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos, obtidos em modo M. Oito cães adultos foram submetidos a cinco protocolos anestésicos diferenciando um do outro pela FiO2 fornecida ao paciente. Formaram-se cinco grupos denominados G100 (FiO2=1), G80 (FiO2=0,8), G60 (FiO2=0,6), G40 (FiO2=0,4) e G20 (FiO2=0,21). Os animais foram induzidos à anestesia com propofol na dose necessária para intubação e, ato contínuo, iniciou-se a infusão do fármaco. Os cães receberam oxigênio conforme a FiO2 determinada para cada grupo. As primeiras mensurações foram efetuadas antes da administração do fármaco (M0), aos 30 minutos (M30) após o início da infusão do anestésico e a cada 15 minutos (M45, M60, M75 e M90) durante 60 minutos. Para espessura do septo interventricular ao final da sístole (ESIVs) registrada em M60, a média de G100 foi maior do que as obtidas de G60 e G20. Em M30, o espessamento fracional da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo (ELPVE) de G100 foi menor que de G80, e, em M75, G80 foi maior que G40. Em relação ao índice de volume ventricular esquerdo ao final da sístole (IVVEFs), em M45, G40 foi maior que G80. Conclui-se que as variáveis ecocardiográficas estudadas não são afetadas pelo emprego de diferentes FiO2.<br>The effects of several inspired oxygen fractions (FiO2) on the echocardiographic parameters by M-mode were evaluated in eight adult spontaneously breathing mongrel dogs anesthetized with continuous infusion of propofol. Each animal underwent five anesthesia procedures. In each procedure, the patient was allowed to breath a different FiO2, thereby resulting in five groups, namely: G100 (FiO2 = 1), G80 (FiO2 = 0.8), G60 (FiO2 =0.6), G40 (FiO2 = 0.4), and G20 (FiO2 = 0.21). To induce anesthesia, propofol was given until the animals allowed orotracheal intubation, followed by immediate continuous infusion of propofol. The initial measurement (M0) was performed before any drug administration, the second was recorded 30 minutes after the infusion of propofol (M30), and additional recordings were performed at 15-minute intervals (M45, M60, M75, and M90), during 60 minutes. At M60, for the end-systolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSs), the mean of G100 was greater than G60 and G20. Regarding left ventricular wall fractional thickness (LVWF) at M30, G100 was lower than G80; and at M75, G80 was greater than G40. In relation to left ventricular end-systolic volume index (ESVI), at M45, G40 was greater than G80. In conclusion, different FiO2 does not impair echocardiographic parameters