23 research outputs found
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Instrument for virus identification by polarized light scattering: a preliminary report
An instrument for the identification of biological macromolecules is described. The basis for the instrument is the measurement of circular intensity differential scattering, used as one element of a Mueller matrix. 5 references, 5 figures. (ACR
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)
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Rapid microbial identification by circular intensity differential scattering
Circular Intensity Differential Scattering (CIDS) is one of the few really new approaches to microbial identification to have come into existence in the past several decades. The CIDS spectra can be measured as a function of wavelength, scattering angle, and/or matrix element, and a number of matrix elements can be measured virtually simultaneously. This panoply of measurements potentially gives the method resolving power for microbial identification. Some representative data taken over the past couple of years on CIDS spectra of several anti-viral vaccines is presented. 17 references; 9 figures
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Multiparameter light scattering for rapid virus identification
An instrument for making multiparameter light scattering (MLS) measurements from viral suspensions has been described. Calibration methods and a technique for the correction of artifacts were also presented. This measurement technique may have broad applications in cell biology in general and in virology in particular. It may be possible to use MLS to identify viruses directly from clinical specimens. 8 references, 7 figures