Variations in the energy output and ATP pool during the growth of K. aerogenes in defined media

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX196589 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Using semantic relatedness to improve the evaluation of multi-label classifiers

Different evaluation techniques can be used in order to assess the quality of a multi-label classification task. The most commonly used performance measures in classification are the classic information retrieval notions of precision and recall. These measures assume independence between the target labels meaning that the assignment of a label to an item can either be evaluated as correct or incorrect and not somewhere in between. The drawback of these binary evaluation measures is that they do not take into account the difference in semantics between the concepts depicted by the labels. For example, an item classified as plant instead of flower would be considered as wrong although the concepts are semantically related and a flower is a specialisation of a plant. A way of improving the evaluation of a classification would be to also consider the degree of semantic relatedness between concepts. The work in this thesis focuses on improving the evaluation of a real-world multi-label classification task by using the notion of semantic relatedness. The labels of this classification task represent concepts originating from a hierarchically structured thesaurus. Intuitively, the concepts that are close to each other in the graph are more related than the ones that are more distant from each other. Several techniques that measure semantic relatedness based on this principle have been proposed in scientific literature. This work investigates the performance of such techniques in the evaluation of multi-label classifications by assessing them against human judgements of relatedness. It is shown that an evaluation incorporating semantic relatedness is likely to be more accurate than the traditional binary evaluations. The knowledge on classifier assessment acquired in this study is applied in practice in the form of an evaluation framework comprising several techniques for measuring and analysing the performance of classifiers.Computer Science, Software TechnolgyWeb Information SystemsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Large-magnitude late Holocene seismic activity in the Pereira-Armenia region, Colombia

The Pereira-Armenia region, located west of the Colombian Central Cordillera, is crosscut by the Romeral fault system, which consists of an active north-south- trending, left-lateral, strike-slip fault system with a secondary thrust component in the Eje Cafetero zone (4°N-5°N). The terrain where the Liceo Taller San Miguel high school sits-9 km south of Pereira-is draped with an ~2-m-thick layer of volcanic ash younger than 30 k.y. in age. This locality has been affected by both N40°E- and E-W-trending faults that correspond to thrust faults or folds and normal rightlateral, strike-slip faults, respectively, in the tectonic model for the zone. Two kinds of strong fi eld evidence for the E-W faults were found at a site named Canchas: (1) the 50°N tilt of the late Quaternary interbedded sequence of volcanic ash and three paleosols, and (2) a vertical fault throw of ~1.70 m affecting the sequence (layers). A normal vertical throw of ~0.65 m at Parqueadero stands as a proof of the activity of the N40°E-trending faults. This latter faulting does not correspond with the stress tensor proposed for this region, and thus this deformation could be interpreted as being a consequence of fl exural slip induced by a NE-SW-striking blind thrust, where reverse faulting along bedding at depth is seen as normal faulting at the surface. Measured offsets could have generated seismic events of at least Mw 6.6 for the NE-trending fault that affected the paleosols and volcanic ash sequence at 13,150 ± 310 14C yr B.P., and a seismic event of Mw 6.9 for the E-W-trending fault that affected the paleosols and volcanic ash sequence at 19,710 ± 830 14C yr B.P. These two recently identifi edfaults are now named the Tribunas (NE-SW) and the Cestillal (E-W) faults. Up to now, the fault and its seismogenic potential determinations in this region have been based solely on morphologic evidence. The maximum seismic magnitude estimated for this region ranged from Mw 6.2 to Mw 6.6 for seismic sources 35 km away from the site. Seismic magnitudes like the one calculated in this work (Mw 6.9) were previously estimated only for source-site distances greater than 50 km. This work provides fi eld evidence that leads to a better understanding of the seismic activity of this region in the last 30 k.y. and confi rms the occurrence of local Mw >6.5 seismic events in this region. Although volcanic ash drapes and eventually hides the geomorphic evidence of active deformation, it turns out to be a perfect chronometer of a fault's activity whenever the deformation is revealed, as in this case. After the Armenia event of 1999, it is imperative to examine the seismic hazard assessments of this region in terms of local crustal seismicity. © 2011 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved

Studies on the Hardgrove Grindability of Coals

The article reviews the work done on various aspects of Hardgove grindability of coals conducted in different countries of the world during the period 1932-66. The published papers could be grouped into two broad categories, namely, routine assessment of HGI and correlations of HGI with proximate and ultimate compositions of coal ; and relation of HGI with actual pulverizers performance. There is also a small group of papers on mathematical distribution of ground product obtained during Hardgrove tests. From the trend of relationship between HGI (of Brithish coals) and mill power reported by a British Study Team in respect of a Babcock Wilcox ‘E’ type ball mill, the equation, P (KW) = 153.9 – 64.2 log10 HGI has been derived. Thish gives the KW of power required in producing 3.25 tons of coal through 200 mesh per hour in terms of HGI. An analysis of the massive data on HGI of Indian coals, collected at the Central Laboratories and at the Coal Survey Laboratories of the Central Fuel Research Institute during the past on and a half decades has been done and seam-wise variation of HGI figures for major coalfields has been shown in a chart. It is observed that for coking coals of Jharia coalfields (seams I-XVIII) HGI is always in the range of 60-85 and no figure was below 60 ; for caking and non-coking coals the range of HGI is as a rule between 40 and 65 (more precisely 45-60). Majority of the Indian coals to be used for combustion purposes are difficult to grind in the HGI scale. But coking coals as a rule, offer comparatively less resistance to pulverization. The effects of initial size and specific gravity on HGI have also been indicated

Carbon and phosphorus relations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pine seedlings

International audienc

Impact of consultants on computerization success in small businesses

Information and Management225309-319IMAN