Stereochemical criteria for polypeptides and proteins : VI. Non-bonded energy of polyglycine and poly--alanine in the crystalline [beta]-form

This paper describes calculations on the packing energy in the crystal structures of [beta]-forms of polyglycine and poly--alanine. It is shown that the non-bonded interactions between [beta]-chains, in a pleated sheet structure, yields a minimum energy when the interchain spacing is about 4.8 A, which is well-suited for the formation of interchain NH [middle dot][middle dot][middle dot] O hydrogen bonding. The attempts made to deduce the crystal structures of [beta]-forms of polyglycine and poly--alanine are also described.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33067/1/0000453.pd

The stability of the two-bonded collagen triple helix

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33425/1/0000827.pd

Fair Value Hierarchy Measures: Post-Implementation Evidence on IFRS 7

Using a balance sheet valuation model, this study examines if information on the fair value hierarchy of on-balance sheet financial assets and financial liabilities are incorporated in the market’s valuation of companies’ equities in Singapore. The results of the study show significant associations between as-reported Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measures of financial assets and market values. However, the results are not significant for Level 3 fair value measures of financial assets and each of the three levels of fair value measures of financial liabilities. The results also show that returns are more positively associated with as-reported gains and losses from Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measures than those from Level 3 fair value measures. Overall, the evidence suggests that information on the fair value hierarchy of IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures are used by market participants in their pricing decisions. The market however appears to place greater weights on fair value changes taken to the income statement than those taken to OCI, notwithstanding the level of the fair value measure. While the fixation with income statement measures remains a puzzle, the results are consistent with prior studies that show that investors largely ignore OCI in their pricing of shares

Germline deletions in the tumour suppressor gene FOCAD are associated with polyposis and colorectal cancer development

Contains fulltext : 155369.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Heritable genetic variants can significantly affect the lifetime risk of developing cancer, including polyposis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Variants in genes currently known to be associated with a high risk for polyposis or CRC, however, explain only a limited number of hereditary cases. The identification of additional genetic causes is, therefore, crucial to improve CRC prevention, detection and treatment. We have performed genome-wide and targeted DNA copy number profiling and resequencing in early-onset and familial polyposis/CRC patients, and show that deletions affecting the open reading frame of the tumour suppressor gene FOCAD are recurrent and significantly enriched in CRC patients compared with unaffected controls. All patients carrying FOCAD deletions exhibited a personal or family history of polyposis. RNA in situ hybridization revealed FOCAD expression in epithelial cells in the colonic crypt, the site of tumour initiation, as well as in colonic tumours and organoids. Our data suggest that monoallelic germline deletions in the tumour suppressor gene FOCAD underlie moderate genetic predisposition to the development of polyposis and CRC. (c) 2015 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland