Fluorescent carbon dioxide indicators

Over the last decade, fluorescence has become the dominant tool in biotechnology and medical imaging. These exciting advances have been underpinned by the advances in time-resolved techniques and instrumentation, probe design, chemical / biochemical sensing, coupled with our furthered knowledge in biology. Complementary volumes 9 and 10, Advanced Concepts of Fluorescence Sensing: Small Molecule Sensing and Advanced Concepts of Fluorescence Sensing: Macromolecular Sensing, aim to summarize the current state of the art in fluorescent sensing. For this reason, Drs. Geddes and Lakowicz have invited chapters, encompassing a broad range of fluorescence sensing techniques. Some chapters deal with small molecule sensors, such as for anions, cations, and CO2, while others summarize recent advances in protein-based and macromolecular sensors. The Editors have, however, not included DNA or RNA based sensing in this volume, as this were reviewed in Volume 7 and is to be the subject of a more detailed volume in the near future

A transcriptionally distinct CXCL13+ CD103+ CD8+ T-cell population is associated with B-cell 2 recruitment and neoantigen load in human cancer

The chemokine CXCL13 mediates recruitment of B cells to tumors and is essential for the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS are thought to support antitumor immunity and are associated with improved prognosis. However, it remains unknown whether TLS are formed in response to the general inflammatory character of the tumor micro-environment, or rather, are induced by (neo-)antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We here report on the unexpected finding that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-dependent CD103+ CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cell (TIL) subpopulation expressed and produced CXCL13. Accordingly, CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood activated in the presence of TGF-β upregulated CD103 and secreted CXCL13. Conversely, inhibition of TGF-β receptor signaling abrogated CXCL13 production. Importantly, CXCL13+ CD103+ CD8+ TILs were strongly correlated with B cell recruitment, TLS and neo-antigen burden in six cohorts of human tumors. Altogether our findings indicate that TGF-β plays a non-canonical role in coordinating immune responses against human tumors and suggest a potential role for CXCL13+ CD103+ CD8+ TIL in mediating B cell recruitment and TLS formation in human tumors